Coordinates: 50°23′12″N 24°13′44″E / 50.38667°N 24.22889°E / 50.38667; 24.22889

Sheptytskyi

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For the surname, see Szeptycki.
Sheptytskyi
Шептицький
City
  • Clockwise from top: Church of the Holy Spirit
  • Saint Josaphat Church
  • Saint George Monastery
  • Potocki Palace
Flag of Sheptytskyi
Flag
Coat of arms of Sheptytskyi
Coat of arms
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CountryFile:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine
OblastLviv Oblast
RaionSheptytskyi Raion
HromadaChervonohrad urban hromada
Foundedc. 1692
Government
 • MayorAndriy Zalivsky
Area
 • Total
37.6 km2 (14.5 sq mi)
Elevation
150 m (490 ft)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
64,297
 • Density1,710/km2 (4,430/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Sister citiesBékéscsaba

Sheptytskyi (Ukrainian: Шептицький, IPA: [ʃepˈtɪtsʲkɪj]), formerly Chervonohrad (Ukrainian: Червоноград, pronounced [tʃerwonoˈɦrɑd] Audio file "Uk-Червоноград.ogg" not found), historically Krystynopol, is a historical mining town and the administrative center of Sheptytskyi Raion, Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Chervonohrad urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Sheptytskyi lies about 62 km north of Lviv, 7 km from Sokal, 28 km northeast of the town of Voroniv, and has a population of 64,297 (2022 estimate).[2]

History

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File:Палац Потоцьких..JPG
Potocki Palace
File:Василіянський монастир .Нічне.JPG
Basilian Monastery

In May 1685, the Crown hetman and Kraków Voivode Feliks Kazimierz Potocki purchased land along the Bug River. In 1692, he founded a city on the lands of the village Novyi Dvir (lit. 'New Garden', Polish: Nowy Dwór) and named it "Krystynopol" after his wife Krystyna Lubomirska (the suffix "-pol" derives from Greek "polis"[3]). Potocki made the city his family center. He died here on 22 September 1702. His grandson Franciszek Salezy Potocki built a palace and in 1763 founded a Krystopil monastery of Basilians (barocco church of Saint George; prior to 1946 – a place of miracles with wondrous icon of the Mother of God).[4] Among the landmarks of the city is Count Potocki's palace, constructed by the order of Feliks Kazimierz Potocki after 1692.[4] The city, as Krystynopol, was part of the Polish Kingdom in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1772, when it was incorporated into the Habsburg Empire.

File:Chervonograd sancti spiriti.jpg
The Church of the Holy Spirit (built in the 1750s)

In the 19th century, the Apostolus Christinopolitanus and the chronicle from 1763 to 1779 were kept in the city. The Catholic order of Myrrh-Bearing Sisters was founded by Fr. Yulian Datsii in 1910, with the purpose of gathering funds to build a home for orphans and the poor. The first members of the congregation vowed to build two buildings: one for the people and one for the congregation. In 1913, the first convent arose, where 15 sisters lived. During World War II, the town was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1944.

After World War II ended, the town was initially given back to Poland by the Soviet Union.

During the interwar period, it belonged to the Second Polish Republic, and between 1945 and 1951 was part of the Polish People's Republic. It passed from Poland to the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union after the territorial exchange in 1951 and had its name changed from Krystynopil (Кристинопіль) to Chervonohrad, after the color red (Ukrainian: червоний, romanized: chervonyi).

A local newspaper is published in the city since June 1962.[5] On 1 August 1990, Chervonohrad became the first city in the Soviet Union where a monument to Vladimir Lenin was removed.[6]

Until 18 July 2020, Chervonohrad was designated as a city of oblast significance and belonged to Chervonohrad Municipality. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven, Chervonohrad Municipality was merged into newly established Chervonohrad Raion.[7][8] Before being abolished, Chervonohrad Municipality also included the city of Sosnivka (until 2019) and the urban type settlement of Hirnyk.

In August 2023, Ukrainian Institute of National Memory decided that the name of the city did not meet the law "On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy", meaning that Chervonohrad will be renamed.[9] On 20 March 2024, the Committee of the Verkhovna Rada on issues of organization of state power, local self-government, regional development and urban planning decided to propose the name Sheptytskyi,[10] in the name of Andrey Sheptytsky, a metropolitan archbishop who taught in the local monastery.

On 19 September 2024, the Verkhovna Rada voted to rename Chervonohrad to Sheptytskyi.[11]

Krystynopol Jews

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Presently,[when?] there are 11–100 Jews residing in Sheptytskyi. The earliest known Jewish community dates back to 1740. In 1931 the Jewish population was 2,200. The Jewish cemetery dates from 18th century with the last known Hasidic burial in 1941. Krystynopol Jews were deported to the Belzec extermination camp in September, 1942. The Jewish surname and rabbinical family Kristinopoler / Kristianpoller stem from the city's former name, Krystynopol. Jewish immigrants to America from this city founded the Krystenopoler Synagogue and First Krystenopoler Sick Benevolent Association Brith Isaac in New York. The Jewish cemetery is located in the town center, in Shevska Street.

Economics

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File:St. George's Krystynopol.jpg
The interior of St. Volodymyr Church (built in the 1770s).

Since 1951 the city became the center of newly emerged coal mining basin. Other enterprises, besides the mining works, include:[citation needed]

  • Iron-Beton Foundry
  • Wood Processing Plant
  • Tailoring Factory
  • Stockings Factory
  • Mines
  • Dairy

Sheptytskyi Coal Mines

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Sheptytskyi was started as a coal mining town. Currently, there are still many functional coal mines on the outskirts around the city:

  • Chervonohradska
  • Velykomostivska
  • Mezhyrichanska
  • Nadiia
  • Stepova
  • Lisova
  • Vidrodzhennia
  • Zarichna
  • Vizeiska

Education

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Population

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The population of Sheptytskyi has increased significantly since 1939.

  • 1939 — 3,000[citation needed]
  • 1959 — 19,000[citation needed]
  • 1970 — 54,000
  • 1974 — 61,000
  • 1981 — 78,000
  • 1989 — 89,000
  • 2001 — 85,500
  • 2005 — 83,400
  • 2010 — 82,900[12][13]
  • 2024 — 57,799 (5790 displaced persons)[14]

Ethnic groups

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2001 census
percent
Ukrainians
 
 92.31%
Russians
 
 6.44%
Belarusians
 
 0.55%
Poles
 
 0.19%
Germans
 
 0.09%
Tatars
 
 0.06%
Moldovans
 
 0.04%
Armenians
 
 0.04%

[15]

Notable people

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File:Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki.jpg
Painting of Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki from 1790

Sport

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Postal codes

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80100-80110

References

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  5. ^ No. 2942. «Новости Прибужья» = «Новини Прибужжя» // Летопись периодических и продолжающихся изданий СССР 1986 - 1990. Часть 2. Газеты. М., «Книжная палата», 1994. стр.386
  6. ^ (in Ukrainian) The first Lenin fell in 1990: how the idol of communism was dropped, Gazeta.ua (8 December 2018)
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