Shepherdia argentea

Shepherdia argentea
File:SilverBuffaloberry-SK..jpg
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Elaeagnaceae
Genus:	Shepherdia
Species:	S. argentea
Binomial name
Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.
File:Shepherdia argentea range map.png
Synonyms
(Pursh) Greene (1890) A.Nelson (1935) Hippophae argentea Elaeagnus utilis Pursh (1813) Lepargyrea argentea

Shepherdia argentea, commonly called silver buffaloberry, bull berry, or thorny buffaloberry, is a species of Shepherdia in the oleaster family. It is native to central and western North America.

Description

Shepherdia argentea is a deciduous shrub growing from 2–6 metres (6+1⁄2–19+1⁄2 ft) tall. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs (rarely alternately arranged), 2–6 centimetres (3⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) long, oval with a rounded apex, green with a covering of fine silvery, silky hairs, more thickly silvery below than above.

The flowers are pale yellow, with four sepals but no petals.

The fruit is a bright red fleshy drupe 5 mm in diameter; it is edible but with a rather bitter taste. Two cultivars, 'Xanthocarpa' and 'Goldeneye', form yellow fruit.

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet argentea refers to the silver color of the plant's leaves and stems.

Distribution and habitat

Shepherdia argentea is native to the western and central parts of Canada and North America, from the Prairie Provinces of Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba) southwards in the United States as far as Ventura County in California, as well as northern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico.

It grows in many different kinds of habitats such as riparian areas, woodlands, exposed slopes on prairies, and in dry, sandy soils of plains and canyons.

Ecology

The berry is one of the mainstays of the diet of the sharp-tailed grouse, the provincial bird of Saskatchewan. The foliage provides important forage for mule deer and white-tailed deer. The shrub's thorny branches and thicket forming habit provide a shelter for many small animal species and an ideal nesting site for songbirds. Over the extent of its range, the buffaloberry is an important species in a variety of ecological communities. For example, in the shrub-grassland communities of North Dakota it is found growing with many native grasses, while in riparian woodlands of Montana and Western North Dakota it can be found in plant communities dominated by green ash.

Uses

Like the Canada buffaloberry, S. argentea has been used historically as a food, medicine, and dye. Its various uses including the treatment of stomach troubles and in coming-of-age ceremonies for girls.

In the Great Basin, the berries were eaten raw and dried for winter use, but more often cooked into a flavoring sauce for bison meat. The buffaloberry has been a staple food to some Native Americans, who ate the berries in puddings, jellies, and in raw or dried form.

The Gosiute Shoshone name for the plant is añ-ka-mo-do-nûp.

External links

• Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to at Wikimedia Commons
• Jepson Manual Treatment for Shepherdia argentea
• University of Michigan—Dearborn: Native American Ethnobotany of Silver buffaloberry
• United States Department of Agriculture, National Forest Service Fire Ecology
• Shepherdia argentea — Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California