Sharps Formation

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Sharps Formation
Stratigraphic range: Paleogene
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsRockyford Member[1]
UnderliesMonroe Creek Formation[1]
OverliesBrule Formation[1]
Location
RegionSouth Dakota
CountryUnited States

The Sharps Formation is a geologic formation in South Dakota. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene.[1]

The Sharps Formation is the namesake of the community of Sharps Corner, South Dakota.[2]

Fossil content

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Mammals

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Carnivorans

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Carnivorans reported from the Sharps Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Archaeocyon A. leptodus Shannon & Jackson counties, South Dakota.[3] Middle & upper part of the formation.[3] Skull elements.[3] A borophagine dog.
File:Cormocyon leptodus.JPG
A. pavidus Southeast corner of Sheep Mountain, Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] Lower part of the formation.[3] 2 partial skeletons.[3] A borophagine dog.
Cormocyon C. haydeni Wounded Knee area, Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] Upper part of the formation.[3] Left maxillary (F:AM 49436).[3] A borophagine dog.
Cynarctoides C. lemur Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] Lower & upper parts of the formation.[3] Jaw elements.[3] A borophagine dog also known from the John Day, Brule & Browns Park formations.
File:Cynarctoides.jpeg
C. roii Wounded Knee Area, Shannon County, South Dakota.[1][3] Upper part of the formation.[3] Skull elements.[1][3] A borophagine dog also known from the lower Arikaree Group
Cynodesmus C. cooki Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandibles.[1] Reassigned to the genus Otarocyon.[3]
Ekgmoiteptecela E. olsontau Wounded Knee Area.[1] Rockyford Member.[1] Right ramus (SDSM 54247).[1] Junior synonym of Hoplophoneus cerebralis.[4]
Enhydrocyon E. crassidens Wounded Knee Area.[1] Crania.[1] A hesperocyonine dog also known from the Harrison Formation.
File:A Lower Miocene fauna from South Dakota (1907) fig. 6.png
E. pahinsintewakpa Wounded Knee Area.[1][5] Near the top of the formation.[5] Right mandible.[1][5] A hesperocyonine dog.
File:Enhydrocyon restoration head.png
Hesperocyon H. leptodus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] Reassigned to the genus Archaeocyon.[3]
Hoplophoneus H. cerebralis Wounded Knee Area, South Dakota.[1][4] Rockyford Member.[1] Right ramus (SDSM 54247).[1] A nimravid.
File:Skull of a rare Eusmilus cerebralis often called a toy sabertooth at the John Day Fossil Beds Visitors Center.jpg
Leptocyon L. douglassi Wounded Knee Area.[6] Maxillary fragments.[6] A canine dog also known from the Toston & John Day formations.
File:Leptocyon head restoration.jpg
Mesocyon M. robustus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandibles.[1] A hesperocyonine dog.
"M." temnodon Shannon County, South Dakota.[5] Basal part and near the top of the formation.[5] Rami.[5] A hesperocyonine dog.
Nothocyon N. geismarianus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] An arctoid formerly thought to be a canid, also known from the Monroe Creek Formation.
N. lemur Wounded Knee Area.[1][3] Jaw elements.[1][3] Reassigned to Cynarctoides.
N. roii Wounded Knee Area.[1][3] Skull elements.[1][3] Reassigned to Cynarctoides.
Otarocyon O. cooki Wounded Knee Area, Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] Upper part of the formation.[3] Partial rami.[3] A small borophagine dog also known from the lower Arikaree Group.
File:Otarocyon cooki.jpeg
Palaeogale P. dorothiae Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of right mandible (SDSM 53326).[1] A palaeogalid.
File:Palaeogale skull lateral Matthew 1902.png
Paradaphoenus P. tooheyi South Dakota.[7] Maxilla (LACM 21649).[7] A bear-dog.
Philotrox P. condoni Wounded Knee area, Shannon County & Quiver Hill localities, Washabaugh County.[5] Middle member.[5] Skull and jaw remains.[5] A hesperocyonine dog also found in the John Day Formation.
File:Philotrox condoni.jpeg
Sunkahetanka S. geringensis Wounded Knee Area, Shannon & Jackson counties.[1][5] Middle member.[5] Jaw elements.[1][5] A hesperocyonine dog also known from the topmost part of the Brule Formation.
File:Sunkahetanka geringensis.jpeg
S. pahinsintewakpa Wounded Knee Area.[1] Right mandible.[1] Reassigned to Enhydrocyon.

Eulipotyphlans

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Eulipotyphlans reported from the Sharps Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Arctoryctes A. terrenus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Humeri.[1] A proscalopid also found in the Rosebud Formation.
Domnina D. dakotensis Wounded Knee Area.[8] Mandible.[8] A shrew.
D. greeni Wounded Knee Area.[1][8] Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 5895).[1] A shrew.
Domninoides D. evelynae Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandibles.[1] Species reassigned to Proscalops.[8]
Ocajila O. makpiyahe Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 56105) & LACM 9491.[1][8] A gymnure.
Palaeoscalopus P. pineridgensis Wounded Knee Area.[8] 2 dentaries.[8] Junior synonym of Quadrodens wilsoni.[8]
Proscalops P. evelynae Wounded Knee Area.[8] A proscalopid.
Quadrodens Q. wilsoni Wounded Knee Area.[8] Dentaries.[8] A talpid mole.
Talpidae Genus indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragments of 2 upper molars (SDSM 5898).[1] A talpid mole.
Trimylus T. sp. Wounded Knee Area.[8] A dentary fragment (LACM 9380) formerly assigned to Ocajila.[8] A shrew.

Lagomorphs

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Lagomorphs reported from the Sharps Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Megalagus M. primitivus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandibles.[1] A leporid.
?Palaeolaginae Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 5542).[1] A leporid.
Palaeolagus P. hypsodus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull & jaw elements.[1] A leporid.
P. philoi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] A leporid.

Metatherians

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Metatherians reported from the Sharps Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Herpetotherium H. youngi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements & teeth.[1] A herpetotheriid originally reported as Peratherium spindleri.[9]
Peratherium P. spindleri Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements & teeth.[1] Junior synonym of Herpetotherium youngi.[9]

Primates

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Primates reported from the Sharps Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Ekgmowechashala E. philotau Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] An adapiform.

Rodents

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Rodents reported from the Sharps Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Capacikala C. gradatus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] A castorid also known from the John Day Formation.
Capatanka C. cankpeopi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] A castorid.
Eumys E. blacki Wounded Knee Area.[1] Right ramus (SDSM 5574).[1] A cricetid.
E. woodi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] A cricetid.
Florentiamys F. agnewi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of left ramus (SDSM 55120).[1] A florentiamyid.
Grangerimus G. dakotensis Wounded Knee Area.[1] Crania.[1] A geomyid.
Heliscomys H. species indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 4 isolated molars (SDSM 54365).[1] A heliscomyid.
Hitonkala H. andersontau Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] A heteromyid.
Meniscomys M. hippodus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Left ramus (SDSM 56113).[1] An aplodontid.
Palaeocastor P. nebrascensis Wounded Knee Area.[1] Numerous skull elements.[1] A castorid.
Pleurolicus P. clasoni Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of right ramus (SDSM 54388).[1] A geomyid.
P. leptophrys Wounded Knee Area.[1] Right ramus (SDSM 53380).[1] A geomyid also known from the Rosebud Formation.
Proheteromys P. bumpi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements & teeth.[1] A heteromyid.
P. fedti Wounded Knee Area.[1] Right ramus (SDSM 56121).[1] A heteromyid.
P. gremmelsi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Left ramus (SDSM 5574).[1] A heteromyid.
Prosciurus P. dawsonae Wounded Knee Area.[1] Rami.[1] An ischyromyid.
?P. dawsonae Wounded Knee Area.[1] Maxillary fragment (SDSM 5598).[1] An ischyromyid.
Scottimus S. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 2 isolated upper molars (SDSM 58101).[1] A cricetid.
Tamias Species indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 9 isolated cheek teeth (SDSM 58100).[1] A chipmunk.

Ungulates

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Ungulates reported from the Sharps Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Agriochoerus A. sp. indet. Wounded Knee Area.[1] Maxillary fragments & lower jaws (SDSM 54161).[1] A tylopod.
File:Skeleton of Agriochoerus antiquus.png
Arretotherium A. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Isolated molars.[1] An anthracothere.
Cyclopidius C. schucherti Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1]
C. simus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1]
Daeodon D. sp. Cedar Pass, Badlands National Monument, South Dakota.[10] Anterior portion of a skull (SDSM 675).[10] An entelodont, originally reported as Dinohyus.
File:Daeodon shoshonensis .png
Desmatochoerus D. hatcheri geringensis Wounded Knee Area.[1] 2 specimens.[1] An oreodont.
D. (Paradesmatochoerus) wyomingensis Wounded Knee Area.[1] Partial cranium.[1] An oreodont.
Diceratherium D. armatum Wounded Knee Area.[1] Middle & very top of the formation.[1] Skull & tooth.[1] A rhinoceros.
D. gregorii Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] A rhinoceros.
D. cf. gregorii Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] A rhinoceros.
Dinohyus D. sp. Cedar Pass, Badlands National Monument, South Dakota.[10] Anterior portion of a skull (SDSM 675).[10] Junior synonym of Daeodon.
File:Dinohyus hollandi (fossil mammal)Lower Miocene of Nebraska.jpg
Hyracodon H. apertus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Lower part of the formation.[1] Partial skull (SDSM 54141).[1] A hyracodontid.
File:Hyracodon.jpg
? H. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Rockyford Member.[1] Partial mandible (SDSM 54183).[1] A hyracodontid.
File:Knight Hyracodon.jpg
Leptochoerus L. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of ramus (SDSM 56101).[1] A leptochoerid.
Leptomeryx L. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Ramus fragments.[1] A leptomerycine.
Mesoreodon M. megalodon cf. sweeti Wounded Knee Area.[1] Partial cranium (SDSM 54220).[1] An oreodont.
Miohippus M. equiceps Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] An equid.
M. near equinanus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] An equid.
Nanotragulus N. intermedius Wounded Knee Area.[1] Spread throughout the greater portion of the formation.[1] Numerous jaw elements.[1] A hypertragulid.
N. cf. loomisi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandibular & maxillary fragments.[1] A hypertragulid.
Oxydactylus O. cf. wyomingensis Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] A camelid.
File:Oxydactylus wyomingensis fossil camel (Harrison Formation, Lower Miocene; Platte County, Wyoming, USA) 1 (32312306045).jpg
?O. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandible fragments of adults.[1] A camelid.
File:Large scott oxydactylus.jpg

Reptiles

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Squamates

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Squamates reported from the Sharps Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Amphisbaenidae Genus indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 2 jaw fragments (SDSM 5897).[1] A worm lizard.
Anguidae Genus indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 30 jaw fragments (SDSM 5896).[1] An anguid lizard.
Iguanidae Genus indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 11 jaw fragments (SDSM 5829).[1] An iguanid lizard.
Macrorhineura M. skinneri Wounded Knee, Shannon County, South Dakota.[11] Anterior portion of skull (LACM 9249).[11] A worm lizard.
File:Macrorhineura skinneri.png
Peltosaurus P. granulosus Sharps Corner, South Dakota.[12] Upper part of the formation.[12] Multiple specimens.[12] A glyptosaurine lizard also known from the Monroe Creek Formation.
File:Peltosaurus.JPG
?P. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw fragment (SDSM 5578).[1] A glyptosaurine lizard.

See also

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References

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