Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class

The Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is a classification system on a scale of one to twelve using Roman numerals for globular clusters according to their concentration. The most highly concentrated clusters such as M75 are classified as Class I, with successively diminishing concentrations ranging to Class XII, such as Palomar 12. (The class is sometimes given with numbers [Class 1–12] rather than with Roman numerals.)

From 1927 to 1929, Harlow Shapley and Helen Sawyer Hogg began categorizing clusters according to the degree of concentration the system has toward the core using this scale. This became known as the Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class.

Classes

Class	Description	Example
I	High concentration toward the center	File:Messier 75 -hst11628 10 08723 43-Lasinh ABR555B438log.png Messier 75
II	Dense central concentration	File:Messier 2 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Messier 2
III	Strong inner core of stars	File:Messier 54 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Messier 54
IV	Intermediate rich concentrations	File:Messier 15 HST.jpg Messier 15
V	Intermediate concentrations	File:Messier 30 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Messier 30
VI	Intermediate mild concentration	File:M3aHunterWilson.jpg Messier 3
VII	Intermediate loose concentration	File:M22HunterWilson.jpg Messier 22
VIII	Rather loosely concentrated towards the center	File:M14HunterWilson.jpg Messier 14
IX	Loose towards the center	File:M12 Hubble.jpg Messier 12
X	Loose	File:Messier 68 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Messier 68
XI	Very loose towards the center	File:M55.jpg Messier 55
XII	Almost no concentration towards the center	File:Palomar 12 Hubble.jpg Palomar 12