Semai language
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| Semai | |
|---|---|
| engrok Semai | |
| Native to | Peninsular Malaysia |
| Ethnicity | 60,438 Semai people (2020)[1] |
Native speakers | 60,438 (2020)[2] |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sea |
| Glottolog | sema1266 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Semai (engrok Semai) is a Austroasiatic language of western Malaysia spoken by about 60,438 Semai people. It is one of the few Aslian languages which are not endangered, and even has 2,000 monolingual speakers. It is currently spoken by 3 main groups; the Northern Semai, Central Semai and the Southern Semai.
Phonology
[edit | edit source]One notable aspect of Semai phonology is its highly irregular pattern of expressive reduplication, showing discontiguous copying from just the edges of the reduplicant's base, thus forming a minor syllable.
Vowels
[edit | edit source]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | ɨ ɨː | u uː |
| Close-mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛː | ə | ɔ ɔː |
| Open | ɑ ɑː |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ĩ ĩː | ɨ̃ ɨ̃ː | ũ ũː |
| Mid | ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː | ə̃ | ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː |
| Open | ɑ̃ ɑ̃ː |
Consonants
[edit | edit source]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| preploded | ᵇm | ᵈn | ɟɲ | ᶢŋ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Rhotic | ɾ~r | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
Examples
[edit | edit source]Examples of words in Semai include the following:
| English | Semai | Malay |
|---|---|---|
| I | Eng | Saya |
| Eat | Cak | Makan |
| Drink | Ngaut | Minum |
| Bathe | Mehmu | Mandi |
| Clean | Parlain | Bersih |
| Good | Bor | Bagus |
| Chicken | Bafung/Fung | Ayam |
| Rice | Cengroy | Beras |
| Mushroom | Cenai | Cendawan |
| Why | Jalek | Kenapa |
| How | Rahalook | Bagaimana |
In popular culture
[edit | edit source]- Asli (2017),[3] a film directed by David Liew, is about a bi-racial girl on a road to discover her cultural heritage, is the first film to use the Semai language in 50% of its dialogue.[4]
References
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- ^ Semai at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016) Closed access icon
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Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Diffloth, Gerard. 1976a. Minor-Syllable Vocalism in Senoic Languages. In Philip N. Lenner, Laurence C. Thompson, and Stanley Starosta (eds.), Austroasiatic Studies, Part I, 229–247. Honolulu: The University of Hawaii Press.
- Diffloth, Gerard. 1976b. Expressives in Semai. In Philip N. Lenner, Laurence C. Thompson, and Stanley Starosta (eds.), Austroasiatic Studies, Part I, 249–264. Honolulu: The University of Hawaii Press.
- Hendricks, Sean. 2001. Bare-Consonant Reduplication Without Prosodic Templates: Expressive Reduplication in Semai. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 10: 287–306.
- Phillips, Timothy C. 2013. Linguistic Comparison of Semai Dialects. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2013-010: 1–111.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
- http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-66BF-5@view Semai in RWAAI Digital Archive
- Semai dictionary of SIL International – online version accessible from Webonary.org
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