Scutiger (frog)
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| Scutiger | |
|---|---|
| File:Scutiger boulengeri from Bedriaga 1898.jpg | |
| Scutiger boulengeri | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Megophryidae |
| Genus: | Scutiger Theobald, 1868 |
| Type species | |
| Bombinator sikimmensis Blyth, 1855
| |
Scutiger is a genus of toads in the family Megophryidae. Common name lazy toads has been coined for them. They occur in China, Burma, Nepal, and northern India in high-altitude habitats.[2] Most are endemic to China.[3]
Evolution
[edit | edit source]A 2017 molecular phylogenetic study found that Scutiger originated in Paleo-Tibet during the Oligocene.[1]
Species
[edit | edit source]The following species are recognised in the genus Scutiger:[2][4]
- Scutiger adungensis Dubois, 1979 – Adung lazy toad
- Scutiger bhutanensis Delorme and Dubois, 2001
- Scutiger boulengeri (Bedriaga, 1898) – Boulenger's lazy toad, Xizang alpine toad, Himalayan stream frog
- Scutiger brevipes (Liu, 1950)
- Scutiger chintingensis Liu and Hu, 1960 – Chinting lazy toad, Chinting alpine toad
- Scutiger ghunsa Khatiwada, Shu, Subedi, Wang, Ohler, Cannatella, Xie, and Jiang, 2019 – Ghunsa high altitude toad
- Scutiger glandulatus (Liu, 1950) – Hopachai lazy toad, chest gland cat-eyed toad
- Scutiger gongshanensis Yang and Su, 1979 – Gongshan lazy toad, Gongshan cat-eyed toad
- Scutiger jiulongensis Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 1995 – Jiulong cat-eyed toad
- Scutiger liupanensis Huang, 1985 – Liupan lazy toad, Liupan alpine toad
- Scutiger maculatus (Liu, 1950) – spotted lazy toad, piebald alpine toad
- Scutiger mammatus (Günther, 1896) – Tungsolo lazy toad
- Scutiger muliensis Fei and Ye, 1986 – Muli cat-eyed toad
- Scutiger nepalensis Dubois, 1974 – Nepal lazy toad, mountain pelobatid toad, Asiatic spadefoot toad
- Scutiger ningshanensis Fang, 1985 – Ningshan lazy toad, Ningshan alpine toad
- Scutiger nyingchiensis Fei, 1977 – Nyingchi lazy toad, Ladakh pelobatid toad, Nyingshi alpine toad
- Scutiger occidentalis Dubois, 1978 – Ladakh high altitude toad
- Scutiger pingwuensis Liu and Tian, 1978 – Pingwu lazy toad, Pingwu alpine toad
- Scutiger sikimmensis (Blyth, 1855) – Sikkim lazy toad, Sikkim high altitude toad, Blyth's short-limbed frog
- Scutiger spinosus Jiang, Wang, Li, and Che, 2016 – spiny lazy toad
- Scutiger tengchongensis Yang & Huang, 2019[5][6]
- Scutiger tuberculatus Liu and Fei, 1979 – bumpy lazy toad, round-tubercled cat-eyed toad
- Scutiger wanglangensis Ye and Fei, 2007 – Wanglang alpine toad
- Scutiger wuguanfui Jiang, Rao, Yuan, Wang, Li, Hou, Che, and Che, 2012[3] – Wu's lazy toad, Medog lazy toad
Endemic ranges
[edit | edit source]Many Scutiger species are endemic to highly restricted geographical areas in the Eastern Himalayas. The ranges often overlap with those of Oreolalax species.
- Ningxia, China
- Shaanxi, China
- Sichuan, China
- Scutiger brevipes: Dawu County, Sichuan
- Scutiger chintingensis: Mount Emei area, Sichuan
- Scutiger jiulongensis: Jiulong County, Sichuan
- Scutiger maculatus: Garze, Sichuan and Jiangda, Tibet
- Scutiger muliensis: Muli County, Sichuan
- Scutiger pingwuensis: Pingwu County, Sichuan
- Scutiger wanglangensis: Sichuan
- Yunnan, China
- Tibet
- Bhutan
- Sikkim, India
- Scutiger sikimmensis: Sikkim, India
References
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- ^ Scutiger tengchongensis.
Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Fu, J., et al. (1997). Phylogeny of genus Scutiger (Amphibia: Megophryidae): a re-evaluation. Asiatic Herpetol. Res 7, 32–37.
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