Rhizophora
| Rhizophora Temporal range: [1]
| |
|---|---|
| File:Rhizophora mangle.jpg | |
| Rhizophora mangle | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Rhizophoraceae |
| Genus: | Rhizophora L.[2] |
| Species | |
|
Several, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Mangium Rumph. ex Scop.[2] | |
Rhizophora is a genus of tropical mangrove trees, sometimes collectively called true mangroves. The most notable species is the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) but some other species and a few natural hybrids are known. Rhizophora species generally live in intertidal zones which are inundated daily by the ocean. They exhibit a number of adaptations to this environment, including pneumatophores that elevate the plants above the water and allow them to respire oxygen even while their lower roots are submerged and a cytological molecular "pump" mechanism that allows them to remove excess salts from their cells. The generic name is derived from the Greek words ῥίζα (rhiza), meaning "root," and φορός (phoros), meaning "bearing," referring to the stilt-roots.[3]
The beetle Poecilips fallax is a common pest of these trees, especially Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora apiculata. This beetle (related to carver beetles) lays its eggs in the hypocotyls. When they hatch, the larvae dig tunnels through the hypocotyl, distorting its shape, When the beetle pupates it leaves the plant, but the hypocotyl will no longer be able to develop normally.[4]
The red mangrove is the state tree of Delta Amacuro in Venezuela; a dark brown dye can be produced from it, which is used in Tongan ngatu cloth production.
Species
[edit | edit source]| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Tall-stilt Mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata) flower close-up (15563380958).jpg | Rhizophora apiculata Blume | bakauan lalaki (Philippines) bakau minyak | Australia (Queensland and the Northern Territory), Guam, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Micronesia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Singapore, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, the Maldives, Thailand, Vanuatu, and Vietnam. |
| Rhizophora harrisonii Leechm. | Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad, Tobago, and Venezuela. | ||
| File:Red Mangrove, Rhizophora mangle - Flickr - gailhampshire.jpg | Rhizophora mangle L. | red mangrove | Tropical America, West Africa, Melanesia, Polynesia[5] |
| File:Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (7204554678).jpg | Rhizophora mucronata Lam. | loop-root mangrove, red mangrove or Asiatic mangrove | Africa (in southeastern Egypt; eastern Ethiopia; eastern Kenya; Madagascar; Mauritius; Mozambique; the Seychelles; Somalia; eastern side of South Africa down to Nahoon the southernmost mangrove forest in Africa; southeastern Sudan; and eastern Tanzania); Asia (in Burma; Cambodia; India; Pakistan; Iran; Indonesia; the Ryukyu Islands of Japan; Malaysia; Papua New Guinea; the Philippines; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; and Vietnam) the South Pacific (in the Solomon Islands; and Vanuatu) and Australia (in northern Northern Territory; and northern Queensland) |
| File:MACOURIA 068.jpg | Rhizophora racemosa G.Mey. | Pacific coast of Central and South America, Atlantic coast of West Africa. | |
| Rhizophora samoensis (Hochr.) Salvoza | Samoan Mangrove | New Caledonia - Tonga - Samoa | |
| File:Rhizop stylos 210527-104641 cks.jpg | Rhizophora stylosa Griff. | spotted mangrove, bakauan bato (Philippines)[6] Te tongo (Kiribati),[7] Đâng (Vietnam) | Japan, China, Taiwan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malesia and Australia (New South Wales and Queensland) |
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Hybrids
[edit | edit source]- Rhizophora × annamalayana Kathiresan (R. apiculata × R. mucronata)
- Rhizophora × lamarckii Montrouz. (R. apiculata × R. stylosa)[6]
- Rhizophora × selala (Salvoza) P.B.Tomlinson (R. mangle × R. stylosa)
Formerly placed here
[edit | edit source]- Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (as R. corniculata L.)
- Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny (as R. gymnorhiza L.)
- Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Griff. (as R. parviflora Roxb.)
- Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. (as R. sexangula Lour.)
- Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob. (as R. tagal Perr.)[6]
See also
[edit | edit source]References
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External links
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- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
- File:Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Rhizophora at Wikispecies
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