Revelation 22
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Revelation 22 | |
|---|---|
| File:ErasmusText LastPage Rev22 8 21.jpg Erasmus Text of the New Testament, last page (Revelation 22:8-21), 1516. | |
| Book | Book of Revelation |
| Category | Apocalypse |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 27 |
Revelation 22 is the twenty-second and final chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John, and the final chapter of the New Testament and of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John of Patmos.[1][2][3] This chapter contains the accounts of the throne of God in the New Jerusalem, the conversation between the writer and an angel, and, from verse 10 onwards, the epilogue of the book.[4]
Text
[edit | edit source]The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.
Textual witnesses
[edit | edit source]Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter include:[5][a]
- Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400–440).
Old Testament references
[edit | edit source]- Revelation 22:13: Isaiah 41:4; Isaiah 44:6[7]
- Revelation 22:17: Isaiah 55:1[7]
- Revelation 22:18: Deuteronomy 4:2; Proverbs 30:6.[7]
New Testament references
[edit | edit source]Contents
[edit | edit source]Verse 1
[edit | edit source]- Then he (the angel) showed me the river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb.[8]
The angel is the one who was first encountered in Revelation 1:1.[9]
Verse 6
[edit | edit source]- And he said to me, "These words are trustworthy and true. And the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent his angel to show his servants what must soon take place."
"These words" are best taken as a reference to the whole Book of Revelation.[9]
Verse 13
[edit | edit source]
- I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last.[10]
- Cross reference: Revelation 21:6
- "The Beginning and the End, the First and the Last" (KJV; NKJV): NU and M[b] read "First and the Last, the Beginning and the End".[11]
-
Mural painting from the catacomb of Commodilla. Bust of Christ, (one of the first bearded images of Christ) with alpha and omega. Late 4th century
-
Alpha Α and Omega Ω stained glass window, circa 1883, near the front door of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Verse 14
[edit | edit source]- Blessed are those who wash their robes. They will be permitted to enter through the gates of the city and eat the fruit from the tree of life.[12]
Verse 15
[edit | edit source]- Outside the city are the dogs - the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idol worshipers, and all who love to live a lie.[13]
Verse 16
[edit | edit source]- "I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you these things in the churches.
- I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star."[14][c]
See also
[edit | edit source]Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ The Book of Revelation is missing from Codex Vaticanus,[6] and this chapter is missing from Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus.
- ^ NU: 'the 27th edition of the Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament' and 'the 4th edition United Bible Societies'; M: 'the Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text'.
- ^ Some versions refer to "the bright morning star".[15]
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).[relevant?]
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
- ^ Bauckham 2007, p. 1289.
- ^ Elliott, J. K., "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians." Union Seminary Quarterly Review 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
- ^ Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
- ^ a b c d e Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Revelation 22:1: English Standard Version
- ^ a b Bauckham 2007, p. 1305.
- ^ Revelation 22:13: NKJV
- ^ Note [f] on Revelation 22:13 in NKJV
- ^ Revelation 22:14: NLT
- ^ Revelation 22:15: NLT
- ^ Revelation 22:16: NKJV
- ^ E.g. the Revised Standard Version: Revelation 22:16
Bibliography
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]- Revelation 22 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate Archived 2019-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)