Raphanea
الرفنية | |
 1936 aerial view of Raphanea | |
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| Location | Syria |
|---|---|
| Region | Hama Governorate |
| Coordinates | Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 489: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Raphanea or Raphaneae (Ancient Greek: Ῥαφάνεια;[1] Arabic: الرفنية, romanized: al-Rafaniyya; colloquial: Rafniye) was a city of the late Roman province of Syria Secunda. Its bishopric was a suffragan of Apamea.
History
[edit | edit source]Josephus mentions Raphanea in connection with a river Σαββατικον, referred now to as Sambation that flowed only every seventh days (probably an intermittent spring now called Fuwar ed-Deir) and that was viewed by Titus on his way northward from Berytus after the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.[2]
Near Emesa, Raphanea was the fortified headquarters of the Legio III Gallica from which was launched the successful bid of 14-year-old Elagabalus to become Roman Emperor in 218.[3]
Raphanea issued coins under Elagabalus,[4] and many of its coins are extant.[5][6][7]
Hierocles[8] and Georgius Cyprius[9] mention Raphanea among the towns of Syria Secunda. The crusaders passed through it at the end of 1099; it was taken by Baldwin I and was given to the Count of Tripoli.[10] It was then known as Rafania.[11]
Episcopal see
[edit | edit source]The only bishops of Raphanea known are:[11][12]
- Bassianus, present at the Nicaea, 325;
- Gerontius at Philippopolis, 344;
- Basil at Constantinople, 381;
- Lampadius at Chalcedon, 451;
- Zoilus about 518;
- Nonnus, 536.
The see is mentioned as late as the 10th century in the Notitia episcopatuum of Antioch.[11][13]
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Josephus, The War of the Jews or The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem, book 7, chapter 5, 1
- ^ Jasper Burns, Great Women of Imperial Rome (Routledge 2006 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).), p. 209
- ^ Kevin Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East (Getty Publications 2003 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).), p. 117
- ^ American Numismatic Society: Raphanea
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Raphanea Genius Coin
- ^ Synecdemus, 712, 8.
- ^ 870 (Heinrich Gelzer, Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani, 44)
- ^ "Historiens des croisades", passim; Rey in "Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de France", Paris, 1885, 266.
- ^ a b c Sophrone Pétridès, "Rhaphanaea" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1912)
- ^ Le Quien, "Oriens christianus", II, 921.
- ^ Vailhé, "Échos d'Orient", X, 94.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Raphanea(e) Archived 2016-06-05 at the Wayback Machine in the Tabula Peutingeriana
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