Quiche
 A typical quiche | |
| Type | Tart |
|---|---|
| Place of origin |  France |
| Main ingredients | Pastry case filled with egg and cheese, meat, seafood, or vegetables |
| |
Quiche (/ˈkiːʃ/ KEESH) is a French tart consisting of a pastry crust filled with savory custard and pieces of cheese, meat, seafood or vegetables. A well-known variant is Quiche Lorraine, which includes lardons or bacon. Quiche may be served hot, warm or cold.
Overview
[edit | edit source]Etymology
[edit | edit source]The word is first attested in Lorrain in 1605, then in French in 1805; the first English usage — "quiche lorraine" — was recorded in 1925. The further etymology is uncertain, but it may be related to the German Kuchen meaning "cake" or "tart".[1]
History
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Recipes for eggs and cream baked in pastry containing meat, fish and fruit are referred to as Crustardes of flesh and Crustade in the 14th-century, English Cookbook, The Forme of Cury.[2] There have been other local medieval preparations in Central Europe, from the east of France to Austria, that resemble quiche.[3] In 1586, a quiche like dish was served at a dinner for Charles III, Duke of Lorraine.[4][5] The 19th century noun Quiche was later given to a French dish originating from the eastern part of the country. It may derive from an older preparation called féouse[6] typical in the city of Nancy in the 16th century. The early versions of quiche were made of bread dough but today shortcrust and puff pastry are used.[7]
The American writer and cookery teacher James Peterson recorded first encountering quiche in the late 1960s and being "convinced it was the most sophisticated and delicious thing [he had] ever tasted". He wrote that, by the 1980s, American quiches had begun to include ingredients he found "bizarre and unpleasant", such as broccoli,[n 1] and that he regarded Bruce Feirstein's satirical book Real Men Don't Eat Quiche (1982) as the "final humiliation" of the dish, such that "[a] rugged and honest country dish had become a symbol of effete snobbery".[8]
Varieties
[edit | edit source]A quiche usually has a pastry crust and a filling of eggs with either milk, cream, or both. It may be made with vegetables, meat or seafood, and be served hot, warm or cold.[9][10] Types of quiches include:
| Name | Main ingredients | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| Quiche au Camembert | Camembert cheese, cream, eggs | [11] |
| Quiche aux champignons | Mushrooms, cream, eggs | [12] |
| Quiche aux endives | Chicory, cream, eggs, cheese | [13] |
| Quiche aux épinards | Spinach, cream, eggs | [12] |
| Quiche au fromage de Gruyère | Gruyère cheese, cream, eggs, bacon | [14] |
| Quiche aux fromage blanc | Cream cheese, cream, eggs, bacon | [15] |
| Quiche aux fruits de mer | Shrimp, crab or lobster, cream, eggs | [16] |
| Quiche aux oignons | Onions, cream, eggs, cheese | [17] |
| Quiche aux poireaux | Leeks, cream, eggs, cheese | [13] |
| Quiche au Roquefort | Roquefort cheese, cream, eggs | [11] |
| Quiche comtoise | Comté cheese, cream, eggs, smoked bacon | [18] |
| Quiche lorraine | Cream, eggs, bacon[n 2] | [14] |
| Quiche niçoise, à la tomate | Anchovies, olives, tomatoes, eggs, Parmesan cheese | [11] |
In her French Country Cooking (1951), Elizabeth David gives a recipe for a quiche aux pommes de terre, in which the case is made not from shortcrust pastry but from mashed potato, flour and butter; the filling is cream, Gruyère and garlic.[19]
Gallery
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See also
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Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ Peterson's noting his aversion to broccoli echoed earlier remarks by former President George H. W. Bush, who too notably did not like the vegetable.
- ^ Some recipes add cheese, but the traditional Lorrainian version does not.[15]
References
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- "Quiche", Centre Nationale de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales. Accessed 12 February 2015. This source also notes the first reference to 1805, in J.-J. Lionnois, Hist. des villes vieille et neuve de Nancy..., Nancy, t. 1, p. 80 - ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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- ^ Peterson, p. 153
- ^ David (2008), pp. 18 and 187
- ^ Beck et al, p. 153
- ^ a b c Beck et al, p. 155
- ^ a b Beck et al, p. 160
- ^ a b Beck et al, p. 159
- ^ a b Beck et al, p. 154
- ^ a b David (2008), p. 187
- ^ Beck et al, p. 156
- ^ Beck et al, p. 157
- ^ Montagné, p. 430
- ^ David (1999), p. 285
Sources
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External links
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