Coordinates: 33°54′N 111°48′E / 33.9°N 111.8°E / 33.9; 111.8

Qiupa Formation

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Qiupa Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
~72–66 Ma
File:Stratigraphic occurrence of Yubaatar - sediments.png
Characteristic red brownish siltstones of the Qiupa Formation
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofTantou Group
UnderliesGaoyugou Formation
OverliesShitaijie Formation
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone, siltstone
OtherSandstone, conglomerate
Location
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Approximate paleocoordinatesLua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
RegionHenan Province
CountryChina
ExtentTantou Basin
Type section
Named forQiupa
Qiupa Formation (China)
Qiupa Formation (Henan)

The Qiupa Formation (Chinese: 秋扒组; pinyin: Qiūpázǔ) is a Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian geologic formation in Henan Province, central China. It is rich in dinosaur eggs and bones, such as those of carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaurs. The Qiupa Formation is considered to be Late Maastrichtian in age, about 72 million and 66 million years ago.[1][2][3]

Geology

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The sedimentation is characterized for the presence of calcareous mudstone interbedded with thin fine conglomerates, brownish red thick-bedded siltstone and parallel and cross laminations. This sedimentation indicates habitats composed by large and shallow meanders with braided river deltas.[2][3]

Fossil content

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The Qiupa Formation has yielded numerous dinosaur fossils, particularly eggs. The remains of various theropods such as troodontids, dromaeosaurids and oviraptorosaurs have been found. In addition, indeterminate remains of sauropods, ornithopods, ankylosaurs, lizards, turtles and a possible avian bone are reported.[4][2][5] Therizinosaurids Protoceratopsids, and medium sized sauropods are also known from the Qiupa Formation [5]

Dinosaurs

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Dinosaurs of the Qiupa Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Ankylosauridae indet.[6] Indeterminate "A tooth, well-preserved dorsal vertebra, incomplete dorsal rib and ischium." An ankylosaurid
Elongatoolithidae sp.[7] Indeterminate "145 egg shells probably laid by oviraptorids." Oviraptorid eggs
Luanchuanraptor[8] L. henanensis "Teeth, a frontal and fragmented postcrania." A dromaeosaurid
File:Luanchuanraptor.jpg
Qiupalong[9] Q. henanensis Partial skeleton preserving the pelvis and the right hindlimb. An ornithomimid
File:Qiupalong Restoration.png
Qiupanykus[3] Q. zhangi Partial skeleton with vertebrae and hindlimbs. An alvarezsaurid
"Tyrannosaurus"[10] T. luanchuanensis Five teeth. A tyrannosaurid
Yulong[11][12] Y. mini Many juvenile specimens and one subadult skeleton. An oviraptorid
File:Yulong.png
Yuornis[13] Y. junchangi Partial skeleton. An enantiornithine bird

Mammals

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Mammals of the Qiupa Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Lotheridium[14] L. mengi Nearly complete skull with jaws. A deltatheridiid
File:Lotheridium.png
Yubaatar[15] Y. zhongyuanensis "Virtually complete crania and fragmented poscrania." A cimolodont File:Yubaatar skull.jpg

Squamates

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Squamates of the Qiupa Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Funiusaurus[16] F. luanchuanensis Partial skull. A polyglyphanodont
Tianyusaurus[17] T. zhengi Skull and shoulder girdle. A polyglyphanodont
File:Tianyusaurus.jpg
Zhongyuanxi[18] Z. jiai Partial skull. A stem-varanid anguimorph
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

References

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