Pumpokolic languages
| Pumpokolic | |
|---|---|
| Arin-Pumpokol | |
| Geographic distribution | Yenisey, possibly also northeast China |
| Ethnicity | Pumpokol, Jie |
| Linguistic classification | Dené–Yeniseian?
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | arin1242 (Arin-Pumpokol) |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| File:Pumpokol language.png Pre-contact distribution of Pumpokol. | |
| File:Sixteen Kingdoms 338 AD (2).jpg Map of Sixteen Kingdoms in year 338, showing the Later Zhao, a state ruled by the Jie. | |
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The Pumpokolic languages (also known as the Arin-Pumpokol,[1] depending on classification or Pumpolic languages) form one of the principal subgroups of the Yeniseian languages. All constituent languages are now extinct.
Classification
[edit | edit source]The classification of this group is debated. Most classify Arin and Pumpokol (and eventually Jie) in a Southern Yeniseian subgroup,[2] but more recently linguists have placed Arin in its separate Arinic branch (sometimes placed as a subgroup of Southern Yeniseian), and classify Pumpokol(ic) as a separate branch of Yeniseian.
Arin-Pumpokol model
[edit | edit source]- Northern
- Southern
- Kott-Assan
- Arin-Pumpokol
- Arin
- Pumpokol
- (Jie)
Split Arinic/Pumpokolic model
[edit | edit source]This model is used in Vajda 2024.[3]
- Yenisei-Ostyak
- Kottic
- Arinic
- Arin
- Pumpokolic
- Jie?
- Pumpokolic
Southern Yeniseian model
[edit | edit source]This model was introduced in Georg 2007[4] and used in Hölzl 2018.[5]
- Northern
- Pumpokol
- Southern
- Assan-Kott
- Arin
History
[edit | edit source]According to the Southern Yeniseian theory, Pumpokolic may have split from Yeniseian around the 9th century BCE, and would have extended southward to China in the 4th century (Melas (2022).[6][user-generated source?] Arin and Pumpokol are then posited to have separated in the 6th century. Arin is believed to have gone extinct in the 1730s and Pumpokol around the early 18th century.
See also
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References
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Hölzl 2018.
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Bibliography
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