List of heads of state of Libya
(Redirected from President of Libya)
| Chairman of the Presidential Council of Libya | |
|---|---|
| رئيس المجلس الرئاسي ليبيا | |
| File:Seal of the Libyan Presidential Council.png Seal of the Presidential Council of Libya | |
since 15 March 2021 | |
| Government of National Unity | |
| Style | Mr. Chairman His Excellency |
| Status | Head of state |
| Member of | Presidential Council |
| Seat | Tripoli, Libya |
| Deputy | Vice Chairman of the Presidential Council |
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This article lists the heads of state of Libya since the country's independence in 1951.
Libya has been in a tumultuous state since the start of the Arab Spring-related Libyan crisis in 2011; the crisis resulted in the collapse of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and the killing of Muammar Gaddafi, amidst the First Civil War and the foreign military intervention.[1][2][3] The crisis was deepened by the factional violence in the aftermath of the First Civil War, resulting in the outbreak of the Second Civil War in 2014.[4] The control over the country is currently split between the internationally recognized Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli and the rival Government of National Stability (GNS)—supported by the House of Representatives (HoR)—in Tobruk, their respective supporters, as well as various jihadist groups and tribal elements controlling parts of the country.[5][6]
Heads of state of Libya (1951–present)
[edit | edit source]
Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)[edit | edit source] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Reign | Dynasty | |||
| Reign start | Reign end | Duration | ||||||
| 1 | Idris I | File:King Idris I of Libya.png | 1889–1983 | 24 December 1951 | 1 September 1969 | 17 years, 251 days | Senussi | |
| The first and only King of Libya. Deposed in the 1969 revolution.[7] | ||||||||
Libya under Gaddafi (1969–2011)[edit | edit source]Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)[edit | edit source] | ||||||||
| No. | Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Term of office | Political affiliation | |||
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| 2 | Muammar Gaddafi | File:Moamer el Gadafi (cropped).jpg | 1942–2011 | 1 September 1969 | 2 March 1977 | 7 years, 182 days | Military / Arab Socialist Union | |
| Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC). Gaddafi dissolved the RCC on 2 March 1977, after the General People's Congress (GPC) adopted the Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People.[8] | ||||||||
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)[edit | edit source] | ||||||||
| (2) | Muammar Gaddafi | File:Moamer el Gadafi (cropped).jpg | 1942–2011 | 2 March 1977 | 2 March 1979 | 2 years | Military / Independent (Islamic socialist) | |
| Secretary-General of the GPC. Gaddafi renounced all government functions on 2 March 1979. However, as leader of the revolution (officially "Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution"), he retained ultimate control over Libya until he was deposed and killed during the First Civil War in 2011.[9][10][11] | ||||||||
| 3 | Abdul Ati al-Obeidi | File:Abdul Ati al-Obeidi (cropped).jpg | 1939–2023 | 2 March 1979 | 7 January 1981 | 1 year, 311 days | Independent (Islamic socialist) | |
| Secretary-General of the GPC. Previously served as Secretary-General of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister), from 1977 to 1979. | ||||||||
| 4 | Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab | File:No image.svg | born 1940 | 7 January 1981 | 15 February 1984 | 3 years, 39 days | Independent (Islamic socialist) | |
| Secretary-General of the GPC. Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister), from 1984 to 1986. | ||||||||
| 5 | Mifta al-Usta Umar | File:No image.svg | 1935–2010 | 15 February 1984 | 7 October 1990 | 6 years, 234 days | Independent (Islamic socialist) | |
| Secretary-General of the GPC. Served at the time of the 1986 United States bombing (Operation El Dorado Canyon). | ||||||||
| 6 | Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa | File:No image.svg | 1933–2016 | 7 October 1990 | 18 January 1992 | 1 year, 103 days | Independent (Islamic socialist) | |
| Secretary-General of the GPC. | ||||||||
| 7 | Muhammad az-Zanati | File:Shikh azanati.JPG | 1937[citation needed]–2025 | 18 January 1992 | 3 March 2008 | 16 years, 45 days | Independent (Islamic socialist) | |
| Secretary-General of the GPC. | ||||||||
| 8 | Miftah Muhammed K'eba | File:No image.svg | born 1947[citation needed] | 3 March 2008 | 5 March 2009 | 1 year, 2 days | Independent (Islamic socialist) | |
| Secretary-General of the GPC. | ||||||||
| 9 | Imbarek Shamekh | File:No image.svg | born 1952 | 5 March 2009[12] | 26 January 2010 | 327 days | Independent (Islamic socialist) | |
| Secretary-General of the GPC. Previously served as Secretary-General of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister), from 2000 to 2003. | ||||||||
| 10 | Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai | File:No image.svg | born 1952 | 26 January 2010[13] | 23 August 2011 | 1 year, 209 days | Independent (Islamic socialist) | |
| Secretary-General of the GPC. Served at the time of the First Civil War and the concurrent foreign military intervention. Deposed during the Battle of Tripoli. | ||||||||
Transitional period (2011–present)[edit | edit source] | ||||||||
| 11 | Mustafa Abdul Jalil | File:Mustafa Abdul Jalil (5713061984).jpg | born 1952 | 5 March 2011 | 8 August 2012 | 1 year, 156 days | Independent | |
| Chairman of the National Transitional Council (NTC). In rebellion to 23 August 2011, based in Benghazi during this period. | ||||||||
| — | Mohammed Ali Salim | File:No image.svg | 1935–2022 | 8 August 2012 | 9 August 2012 | 1 day | Independent | |
| Acting President of the General National Congress (GNC). Symbolic head of state for the handover of power from the NTC. | ||||||||
| 12 | Mohammed Magariaf | File:Megariaf cropped GNC.jpg | born 1940 | 9 August 2012 | 28 May 2013 | 292 days | National Front Party | |
| President of the GNC. Resigned to comply with the Political Isolation Law passed by the GNC on 14 May 2013. | ||||||||
| — | Giuma Ahmed Atigha | File:Giuma Ahmed Atigha (cropped).JPG | born 1950 | 28 May 2013 | 25 June 2013 | 28 days | Independent | |
| Acting President of the GNC. | ||||||||
| 13 | Nouri Abusahmain | File:Nouri Abusahmain cropped.jpg | born 1956 | 25 June 2013 | 5 April 2016 | 2 years, 285 days | Independent | |
| President of the GNC. In rebellion, based in Tripoli. Internationally recognized until 4 August 2014. | ||||||||
| Following the 2014 parliamentary election, the government was split between the newly-elected House of Representatives (HoR) and the outgoing GNC, resulting in the Second Civil War. The 2014 elections were declared invalid by the Supreme Court in November 2014.[14] | ||||||||
| — | Abu Bakr Baira | File:Abubakr Buera Ban Ki-Moon (cropped).JPG | born 1941 | 4 August 2014 | 5 August 2014 | 1 day | Independent | |
| Acting President of the House of Representatives (HoR). Symbolic head of state for the handover of power from the GNC. | ||||||||
| 14 | Aguila Saleh Issa | File:Aguila Salah Issa - 2020 (cropped).jpg | born 1944 | 5 August 2014 | 15 March 2021 | 6 years, 222 days | Independent | |
| President of the HoR. In rebellion, based in Tobruk. Internationally recognized until 12 March 2016. | ||||||||
| Following the inauguration of the Presidential Council and the Government of National Accord (GNA), the government remained split between the HoR and the National Salvation Government (NSG), recreated after the 2016 coup attempt. Afterwards, the High Council of the Revolution was created as well. However, the High Council of State (HCS), based in Tripoli, recognized the GNA. | ||||||||
| 15 | Fayez al-Sarraj | File:Fayez al-Sarraj in Washington - 2017 (38751877521) (cropped).jpg | born 1960 | 30 March 2016 | 15 March 2021 | 4 years, 350 days | Independent | |
| Chairman of the Presidential Council. Simultaneously served as Prime Minister of the Government of National Accord (GNA). Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli. | ||||||||
| 16 | Mohamed al-Menfi | File:Mohamed al-Menfi Summit of NAM Contact Group on fight against COVID-19 73 (cropped).jpg | born 1976 | 15 March 2021 | Incumbent | 5 years, 59 days | Independent | |
| Chairman of the Presidential Council. Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli. | ||||||||
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Timeline
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Define $today = 13/05/2026
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:1951 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
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id:gray1 value:gray(0.85) id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1955 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1951
Legend = columns:3 left:200 top:60 columnwidth:190
TextData =
pos:(20,65) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political affiliation:"
BarData =
bar:Idris bar:RCC bar:Gaddafi bar:al-Obeidi bar:Rajab bar:Umar bar:as-Sawsa bar:az-Zanati bar:K'eba bar:Shamekh bar:al-Zwai bar:Jalil bar:Salim bar:Magariaf bar:Atigha bar:Abusahmain bar:Baira bar:Issa bar:al-Sarraj bar:al-Menfi
PlotData =
width:5 align:left fontsize:9 shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:Idris from: 24/12/1951 till: 01/09/1969 color:senussi text:"Idris I" bar:RCC from: 01/09/1969 till: 02/03/1977 color:mil text:"Revolutionary Command Council" bar:Gaddafi from: 01/09/1969 till: 11/06/1971 color:mil from: 11/06/1971 till: 02/03/1977 color:asu from: 02/03/1977 till: 20/10/2011 color:jamahiriya text:"Muammar Gaddafi" bar:al-Obeidi from: 02/03/1979 till: 07/01/1981 color:jamahiriya text:"Abdul Ati al-Obeidi" bar:Rajab from: 07/01/1981 till: 15/02/1984 color:jamahiriya text:"Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab" bar:Umar from: 15/02/1984 till: 07/10/1990 color:jamahiriya text:"Mifta al-Usta Umar" bar:as-Sawsa from: 07/10/1990 till: 18/01/1992 color:jamahiriya text:"Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa" bar:az-Zanati from: 18/01/1992 till: 03/03/2008 color:jamahiriya text:"Muhammad az-Zanati" bar:K'eba from: 03/03/2008 till: 05/03/2009 color:jamahiriya text:"Miftah Muhammed K'eba" bar:Shamekh from: 05/03/2009 till: 26/01/2010 color:jamahiriya text:"Imbarek Shamekh" bar:al-Zwai from: 26/01/2010 till: 23/08/2011 color:jamahiriya text:"Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai" bar:Jalil from: 05/03/2011 till: 08/08/2012 color:ind text:"Mustafa Abdul Jalil" bar:Salim from: 08/08/2012 till: 09/08/2012 color:ind text:"Mohammed Ali Salim (acting)" bar:Magariaf from: 09/08/2012 till: 28/05/2013 color:nfp text:"Mohammed Magariaf" bar:Atigha from: 28/05/2013 till: 25/06/2013 color:ind text:"Giuma Ahmed Atigha (acting)" bar:Abusahmain from: 25/06/2013 till: 05/04/2016 color:alwafaa text:"Nouri Abusahmain" bar:Baira from: 04/08/2014 till: 05/08/2014 color:ind text:"Abu Bakr Baira (acting)" bar:Issa from: 05/08/2014 till: 15/03/2021 color:ind text:"Aguila Saleh Issa" bar:al-Sarraj from: 30/03/2016 till: 15/03/2021 color:ind text:"Fayez al-Sarraj" bar:al-Menfi from: 15/03/2021 till: $today color:ind text:"Mohamed al-Menfi"
</timeline>
Incoming election
[edit | edit source]See also
[edit | edit source]| File:Flag of Libya.svg |
|---|
|
Arab League Member State of the Arab League |
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- List of governors-general of Italian Libya
- List of heads of government of Libya
- Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution
References
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- ^ Fadel, L. "Libya's Crisis: A Shattered Airport, Two Parliaments, Many Factions". Archived 2015-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
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