List of heads of state of Chad

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Template:SHORTDESC:

President of the
Republic of Chad
  • رئيس جمهورية تشاد (Arabic)
  • Président de la
    République du Tchad     (French)
Presidential standard of Chad
Incumbent
Mahamat Déby
since 20 April 2021[a]
Style
Type
ResidencePresidential Palace, N'Djamena
Term lengthFive years,
renewable once
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Chad (2023)
Inaugural holderFrançois Tombalbaye
Formation23 April 1962; 63 years ago (1962-04-23)
DeputyPresident of the National Assembly
Salary800,000 FCFA / month
WebsitePresidency of Chad
Politics of Chad
Constitution
Government
Parliament
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
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The president of Chad (Arabic: رئيس جمهورية تشاد, romanized: rayiys jumhuriat tshad, French: Président de la République du Tchad) is the head of state of Chad, and the commander-in-chief of the Chadian National Army. The presidency is the highest executive position in the country. The president is directly elected for a double five-year term.

A total of seven people have served as head of state of Chad (not counting two Interim Heads of State). Additionally, one person, Goukouni Oueddei, has served on two non-consecutive occasions.

The current head of state is President Mahamat Déby, who was inaugurated on 23 May 2024 following the 2024 presidential election.[1][2] Prior to that, Déby has served as transitional president from 2022,[3] and Chad's de facto head of state as president of the Transitional Military Council from 2021, after his father, the previous president Idriss Déby, was killed in the Northern Chad offensive.[4][5]

Term limits

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In 2018, the new Constitution of Chad reinstated two-term limits for the president. It also changed the length of the term from five years to six years.[6] However, in 2023, a constitutional referendum was held which changed the length of the term from six years back to five years and which also lowered the minimum age for the presidency from 40 down to 35.[7]

Titles

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  • 1960–1962: Head of State
  • 1962–1975: President of the Republic
  • 1975          : Chairman of the Supreme Military Council
  • 1975–1978: Head of State
  • 1978–1979: President of the Republic
  • 1979          : Chairman of the Provisional Council of State
  • 1979          : President of the Transitional Government of National Unity
  • 1979          : Chairman of the Provisional Administrative Committee
  • 1979–1982: President of the Transitional Government of National Unity
  • 1982          : Chairman of the Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North
  • 1982          : Chairman of the Council of State
  • 1982–1990: President of the Republic
  • 1990          : President of the Patriotic Salvation Movement
  • 1990–1991: President of the Council of State
  • 1991–2021: President of the Republic
  • 2021–2022: President of the Transitional Military Council[8]
  • 2022–2024: Transitional President of the Republic[3][9]
  • 2024–present: President of the Republic

List of officeholders

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Political parties
  Chadian Progressive Party (PPT) → National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution (MNRCS)
  National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT)–People's Armed Forces (FAP)
  Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad (MPLT)
  Armed Forces of the North (FAN) / National Union for Independence and Revolution (UNIR)
  Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS)
Other factions
  Military (Chadian Armed Forces and Chadian National Army)
Status
  Interim Head of State
Symbols

C Constitutional referendum

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Elected Term of office Political party Prime minister(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
1 François Tombalbaye
(1918–1975)[b] 		1962
1969 		11 August 1960 13 April 1975
(Assassinated in a coup) 		14 years, 245 days PPT
until 1973 renamed to
MNRCS 		Position not established
– Noël Milarew Odingar
(1932–2007) 		— 13 April 1975 15 April 1975 2 days Military Position not established
2 Félix Malloum
(1932–2009) 		— 15 April 1975 23 March 1979
(Resigned) 		3 years, 342 days Military Habré
– Goukouni Oueddei
(born 1944) 		— 23 March 1979 29 April 1979 37 days FROLINAT–FAP Position vacant
3 Lol Mahamat Choua
(1939–2019) 		— 29 April 1979 3 September 1979 127 days MPLT Position vacant
4 Goukouni Oueddei
(born 1944) 		— 3 September 1979 7 June 1982
(Deposed in a coup) 		2 years, 277 days FROLINAT–FAP Ngardoum
(from 19 May 1982)
5 Hissène Habré
(1942–2021) 		1989[C] 7 June 1982 2 December 1990
(Deposed in a coup) 		8 years, 178 days FAN / UNIR Ngardoum
(until 19 June 1982)
– Idriss Déby
(1952–2021) 		— 2 December 1990[c] 28 February 1991 88 days Military / MPS Position abolished
6 1996
2001
2006
2011
2016
2021 		28 February 1991 20 April 2021
(Killed in action) 		30 years, 51 days Bawoyeu
Yodoyman
Moungar
Koumakoye
Djimasta
Ouaido
Yamassoum
Kabadi
Faki
Yoadimnadji
Younousmi
Koumakoye
Abbas
Nadingar
Dadnadji
Deubet
Padacké
– Mahamat Déby
(born 1984) 		— 20 April 2021[a] 23 May 2024 3 years, 33 days Military / MPS Padacké
Kebzabo
Masra
Halina
7 2024 23 May 2024 Incumbent 1 year, 324 days

Timeline

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<timeline> ImageSize = width:1050 height:auto barincrement:15 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:130 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late

Define $today = 12/04/2026

Colors = 

 id:ind      value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8)    legend:None_(Independent)
 id:mil      value:rgb(0.76,0.69,0.57) legend:Chadian_Armed_Forces_→_Chadian_National_Army
 id:ppt      value:rgb(0.88,0.86,0.13) legend:Chadian_Progressive_Party
 id:mnrcs    value:rgb(0,0,0)          legend:National_Movement_for_the_Cultural_and_Social_Revolution
 id:frolinat value:rgb(0.84,0.16,0.13) legend:National_Liberation_Front_of_Chad
 id:mplt     value:rgb(0.98,0.5,0.45)  legend:Popular_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Chad
 id:fan      value:rgb(0,0.49,0.77)    legend:Armed_Forces_of_the_North
 id:unir     value:rgb(0,0,0.55)       legend:National_Union_for_Independence_and_Revolution
 id:mps      value:rgb(0.2,0.2,0.8)    legend:Patriotic_Salvation_Movement

 id:gray1  value:gray(0.85)
 id:gray2  value:gray(0.95)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1960 till:31/12/2027 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1960 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1960

Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:85 columnwidth:170

TextData = 

 pos:(20,88) textcolor:black fontsize:M
 text:"Political party:"

BarData = 

bar:Tombalbaye
bar:Odingar
bar:Malloum
bar:Oueddei
bar:Choua
bar:Habre
bar:IDeby
bar:MDeby

PlotData = 

 width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:Tombalbaye
 from: 11/08/1960 till: 27/08/1973 color:ppt
 from: 27/08/1973 till: 13/04/1975 color:mnrcs    text:"François Tombalbaye"
bar:Odingar
 from: 13/04/1975 till: 15/04/1975 color:mil      text:"Noël Milarew Odingar"
bar:Malloum
 from: 15/04/1975 till: 23/03/1979 color:mil      text:"Félix Malloum"
bar:Oueddei
 from: 23/03/1979 till: 29/04/1979 color:frolinat
 from: 03/09/1979 till: 07/06/1982 color:frolinat text:"Goukouni Oueddei"
bar:Choua
 from: 29/04/1979 till: 03/09/1979 color:mplt     text:"Lol Mahamat Choua"
bar:Habre
 from: 07/06/1982 till: 24/06/1984 color:fan
 from: 24/06/1984 till: 02/12/1990 color:unir     text:"Hissène Habré"
bar:IDeby
 from: 02/12/1990 till: 28/02/1991 color:mil
 from: 28/02/1991 till: 20/04/2021 color:mps      text:"Idriss Déby"
bar:MDeby
 from: 20/04/2021 till: 10/10/2022 color:mil
 from: 10/10/2022 till: $today     color:mps      text:"Mahamat Déby"

</timeline>

Latest election

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Main article: 2024 Chadian presidential election
CandidatePartyVotes%
Mahamat DébyPatriotic Salvation Movement3,777,27961.00
Succès MasraLes Transformateurs1,148,24518.54
Albert Pahimi PadackéNational Rally for Democracy in Chad1,048,01516.93
Lydie BeassemdaParty for Integral Democracy and Independence (fr)59,6320.96
Théophile Bongoro (fr)Party for Rally and Equity in Chad46,7840.76
Alladoum Djarma (ha)Chadian Socialist Action for Renewal33,7650.55
Brice Guedmbaye (ha)Movement of Patriotic Chadians for the Republic27,8480.45
Yacine Abdramane Sakine (fr)Reformist Party (fr)22,3280.36
Mansiri Lopsikréo (fr)Les Élites15,1470.24
Nasra Djimasngar (fr)A New Day12,7380.21
Total6,191,781100.00
Valid votes6,191,78199.62
Invalid/blank votes23,4630.38
Total votes6,215,244100.00
Registered voters/turnout8,202,20775.78
Source: Africa 24

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b As de facto head of state until 10 October 2022, and as transitional president until 23 May 2024.
  2. ^ Changed name to N’Garta Tombalbaye on 30 August 1973 due to the policy of Africanization.
  3. ^ As transitional president.

References

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