Polytminae

Polytminae
File:Anthracothorax nigricollis (Mango pechinegro) - Macho (16247043591).jpg
Black-throated mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Subfamily:	Polytminae Reichenbach, 1849
Genera
12, see text

Polytminae is one of the six subfamilies of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The subfamily contains 12 genera with a total of 29 species.

The informal name "mangoes" has been proposed for this group as the seven species in the largest genus, Anthracothorax, include "mango" in their common name.

Taxonomy

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the family consisted of nine clades. When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they divided the nine clades into six subfamilies and proposed using the Latin name Polytminae for the "mango" clade, a name that had been introduced by Ludwig Reichenbach in 1849.

Pre-molecular studies did not anticipate the existence of this clade, but a common feature is the presence of serrations on the cutting edge of the bill. An extreme example is the tooth-billed hummingbird (Androdon aequatorialis).

Molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014 determined the relationships between the major groups of hummingbirds. In the cladogram below, the English names are those introduced in 1997. The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.

Trochilidae	Florisuginae – topazes Phaethornithinae – hermits Polytminae – mangoes Lesbiinae Heliantheini – brilliants Lesbiini – coquettes Patagoninae – giant hummingbird Trochilinae Lampornithini – mountain gems Mellisugini – bees Trochilini – emeralds

The phylogenetic relationships between the genera in the subfamily Polytminae, as determined in the 2014 study, are shown below. The genus Eulampis was found to be nested within Anthracothorax, making Anthracothorax paraphyletic. No species from the genus Augastes was sampled in the molecular studies, but based on a comparison of plumage features and bill shapes, it is believed that Augastes is closely related to Schistes.

Polytminae	Doryfera – lancebills Schistes – daggerbills Colibri – violetears Heliactin – horned sungem Androdon – tooth-billed hummingbird Heliothryx – fairies Polytmus – goldenthroats Avocettula – fiery-tailed awlbill Chrysolampis – ruby-topaz hummingbird Anthracothorax and Eulampis – mangoes and caribs

Taxonomic list

The subfamily includes the following twelve genera:

Image	Genus	Living species
File:Doryfera ludovicae.jpg	Doryfera	Green-fronted lancebill, Doryfera ludovicae Blue-fronted lancebill, Doryfera johannae
File:Schistes geoffroyi (Pico de cuña) (22653616465).jpg	Schistes	Geoffroy's daggerbill, Schistes geoffroyi White-throated daggerbill, Schistes albogularis
File:Beija-flor-de-gravata-verde (Augastes scutatus) (2).JPG	Augastes	Hyacinth visorbearer, Augastes scutatus Hooded visorbearer, Augastes lumachella
File:Sparkling Violet-ear.jpg	Colibri	Brown violetear, Colibri delphinae Mexican violetear, Colibri thalassinus Lesser violetear, Colibri cyanotus Sparkling violetear, Colibri coruscans White-vented violetear, Colibri serrirostris
File:Tooth-billed Hummingbird.jpg	Androdon	Tooth-billed hummingbird, Androdon aequatorialis
File:Haeckel - Heliactin bilophus.jpg	Heliactin	Horned sungem, Heliactin bilophus
File:Black-eared Fairy (Heliothryx aurita).jpg	Heliothryx	Purple-crowned fairy, Heliothryx barroti Black-eared fairy, Heliothryx auritus
File:Polytmus guainumbi-White-tailed Goldenthroat.jpg	Polytmus	White-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus guainumbi Tepui goldenthroat, Polytmus milleri Green-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus theresiae
File:MonographTrochi3Goul 0348.jpg	Avocettula	Fiery-tailed awlbill, Avocettula recurvirostris
File:Ruby-topaz-hummingbird chrysolampis-mosquitus-7042-cr1.jpg	Chrysolampis	Ruby-topaz hummingbird, Chrysolampis mosquitus
File:Anthracothorax nigricollis (Mango pechinegro) - Macho (16247043591).jpg	Anthracothorax	Green-throated mango, Anthracothorax viridigula Green-breasted mango, Anthracothorax prevostii Black-throated mango, Anthracothorax nigricollis Veraguan mango, Anthracothorax veraguensis Hispaniolan mango, Anthracothorax dominicus Puerto Rican mango, Anthracothorax aurulentus Green mango, Anthracothorax viridis Jamaican mango, Anthracothorax mango
File:Purple-throated carib hummingbird.jpg	Eulampis	Purple-throated carib, Eulampis jugularis Green-throated carib, Eulampis holosericeus