Polymixia
| Polymixia Temporal range: Possible Late Cretaceous occurrence
| |
|---|---|
| File:Polymixia nobilis.jpg | |
| Stout beardfish (P. nobilis) | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Polymixiiformes |
| Family: | Polymixiidae |
| Genus: | Polymixia R. T. Lowe, 1838 |
| Type species | |
| Polymixia nobilis R. T. Lowe, 1838
| |
Polymixia is the only extant genus of the order Polymixiiformes and family Polymixiidae. It contains 12 species, all of which live in deepwater marine environments.[1] They are found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific Oceans. They are bottom-dwelling fish, found down to about 800 m (2,600 ft). Most are relatively small fish, although one species is over 40 cm (16 in) in length.[2] They can be considered "living fossils" due to being the only surviving members of the once-diverse order Polymixiiformes.[3]
Classification
[edit | edit source]There are currently 12 recognized species in this genus:[1]
- Polymixia berndti C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Pacific beardfish)
- Polymixia busakhini Kotlyar, 1993 (Busakhin's beardfish)
- Polymixia carmenae Caixeta, Oliveira & de Melo, 2024 (Brazilian beardfish)[4]
- Polymixia fusca Kotthaus, 1970
- Polymixia hollisterae Grande & Wilson, 2021 (Bermuda beardfish)[5]
- Polymixia japonica Günther, 1877 (Silver eye)
- Polymixia longispina S. M. Deng, G. Q. Xiong & H. X. Zhan, 1983
- Polymixia lowei Günther, 1859 (Beardfish)
- Polymixia melanostoma Fan, Su, Lin, Chang & Lin 2024
- Polymixia nobilis R. T. Lowe, 1838 (Stout beardfish)
- Polymixia salagomeziensis Kotlyar, 1991
- Polymixia sazonovi Kotlyar, 1992
- Polymixia yuri Kotlyar, 1982
The extinct species Polymixia polita Schwarzhans, 2012 is known from fossil otoliths from the early and late Paleocene of Germany and Austria.[6] Another otolith-based taxon that may possibly belong to this genus, Polymixia? harderi (Schwarzhans, 2003) is known from the late Maastrichtian and early Paleocene of Denmark, in addition to a potential earlier record from the Campanian of North Carolina, USA; this may suggest Late Cretaceous origins for the genus.[7][8]
References
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