Pluteus
| Pluteus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pluteus cervinus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Pluteaceae |
| Genus: | Pluteus Fr. |
| Type species | |
| Pluteus cervinus | |
| Species | |
|
Pluteus brunneidiscus | |
| Pluteus | |
|---|---|
| Mycological characteristics | |
 | Gills on hymenium |
| File:Flat cap icon.svg File:Convex cap icon.svg | Cap is flat or convex |
| File:Free gills icon2.svg | Hymenium is free |
| File:Bare stipe icon.svg | Stipe is bare |
| Spore print is pink | |
| File:Saprotrophic fungus.svg | Ecology is saprotrophic |
| File:Mycomorphbox Edible.png File:Mycomorphbox Psychoactive.png | Edibility is edible or psychoactive |
Pluteus is a large genus of fungi with over 300 species. They are wood rotting saprobes with pink spore prints and gills that are free from the stem.
The Latin word Pluteus means shed or penthouse.[1]
Characteristics of the genus
[edit | edit source]Characteristics of the Pluteus genus are:[2][3]
- These fungi grow on wood or wood remains.
- The spore powder is deep pink, soon giving a pink tint to the initially pale gills.
- The gills are free from the stipe.
- There is no volva or ring (exception: the rare recently reclassified North American species P. mammillatus, previously Chamaeota sphaerospora).[4]
- Microscopically, they often have abundant, distinctive cystidia. The spores are smooth and roughly egg-shaped.
Pluteus is separated from Volvariella due to the lack of a volva, and from Entoloma by growing on wood and by microscopic features (Entolomas have angular spores).
Naming
[edit | edit source]The name Pluteus was established in 1837 by the founding mycologist Elias Magnus Fries at a time when agaric mushrooms were first being assigned to different genera. [5]
The Latin word "pluteus" has various meanings related to military protective structures and its signification here may be that of a shield (the shape of the cap). [6] [7] [8]
Remarks on particular species
[edit | edit source]Some of these mushrooms are edible including P. petasatus and P. cervinus, though most people rate their taste and consistency as average at best.
Pluteus cervinus is the best known species in Europe and North America.
Several species of this genus bruise blue and contain psilocybin[9] including Pluteus brunneidiscus,[10] Pluteus salicinus, Pluteus cyanopus, Pluteus glaucus, Pluteus nigroviridis, Pluteus phaeocyanopus and Pluteus villosus.[11]
See also
[edit | edit source]References
[edit | edit source]- ^ The mushroom hunter's field guide By Alexander Hanchett Smith, Nancy S. Weber
- ^ Meinhard Moser, translated by Simon Plant: Keys to Agarics and Boleti (Roger Phillips 1983) Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Courtecuisse, R. & Duhem, B. (1994) "Guide des champignons de France et d'Europe" Delachaux et Niestlé Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)., also available in English
- ^ A. M. Minnis, W. J. Sundberg et al., Annulate Pluteus species, a study of the genus Chamaeota in the United States", MYCOTAXON Vol. 96 pp. 31-39, April-June 2006
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Etymology section of Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ The mushroom hunter's field guide By Alexander Hanchett Smith, Nancy S. Weber
- ^ G. Guzmán, J. W. Allen & J. Gartz, "A Worldwide Geographical Distribution of the Neurotropic Fungi, an Analysis and Discussion"
- ^ Justo, A. & M.L. Castro. (2007). "Observations in Pluteus section Pluteus in Spain: Two new records for Europe". Mycotaxon 102: 209–220.
- ^ Fungifama site
Further reading
[edit | edit source]- M. Kuo "The Genus Pluteus"
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (on Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto)
- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
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