Pinus parviflora
| Pinus parviflora | |
|---|---|
| File:Japanese White Pine (Pinus parviflora), Shigeno, Tomi, Nagano Prefecture, Japan 2.jpg | |
| Foliage and cones, Nagano Prefecture, Japan | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Genus: | Pinus |
| Subgenus: | P. subg. Strobus |
| Section: | P. sect. Quinquefoliae |
| Subsection: | P. subsect. Strobus |
| Species: | P. parviflora
|
| Binomial name | |
| Pinus parviflora | |
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Pinus parviflora, also known as Japanese white pine,[1] is a pine in the white pine group, Pinus subgenus Strobus, native to Japan.
Description
[edit | edit source]It is a coniferous evergreen tree, growing to 15–25 m (rarely to 30 m) in height, forming a wide, dense, conical crown. The leaves are needle-like, in bundles of five, with a length of 3–7 cm. The cones are 4–8 cm long, with broad, rounded scales; the seeds are 7–10 mm long, with a vestigial 3–10 mm wing.[2][3]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]Two varieties are usually accepted; var. parviflora in southern Japan, and var. pentaphylla (Mayr) A.Henry in northern Japan.[4] The second variety was first described as a separate species Pinus pentaphylla by Heinrich Mayr in 1890, but in reducing it to the rank of variety in 1910, Augustine Henry pointed out that the differences cited by Mayr between the two were minimal and inconsistent, with much overlap.[5]
At higher altitudes in northern Japan, it can occur with the related high altutude species Pinus pumila, and sometimes produces hybrids with it; these are known as Pinus × hakkodensis Makino, named after the Hakkōda Mountains where it was first found.[3]
The Latin specific epithet parviflora means "with small flowers".[6]
Uses
[edit | edit source]It is a popular tree for bonsai, and is also grown as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. The cultivars 'Adcock's Dwarf' and 'Bonnie Bergman'[7] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8][9]
Gallery
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Old tree in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
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Young tree on Mount Adatara, Fukushima Prefecture
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Pollen cones
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Bonsai tree
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References
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