Pannonia Secunda
| Provincia Pannonia Secunda | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| province of the Roman Empire | |||||||
| 296–mid-5th century | |||||||
 Pannonia Secunda map | |||||||
| Capital | Sirmium | ||||||
| History | |||||||
• Established | 296 | ||||||
• Hunnic invasions | mid-5th century | ||||||
| |||||||
| Today part of | Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||||||
Pannonia Secunda was one of the provinces of the Roman Empire. It was formed in 296 AD, during the reign of Emperor Diocletian. The capital of the province was Sirmium (today Sremska Mitrovica). Pannonia Secunda comprised parts of present-day Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1]
History
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Prior to the establishment of this province, its territory was part of the province of Pannonia Inferior. In 296 AD, Pannonia Inferior was divided into two separate provinces: Pannonia Secunda in the south and Pannonia Valeria in the north. The River Drava served as the border between the two newly created provinces.
The capital of Pannonia Secunda, Sirmium, held a prestigious status as one of the four capitals of the Roman Empire. Notably, several Roman emperors were born in or near this city, highlighting its significance in the empire's history.
In 314 AD, a pivotal battle took place between two rival claimants to the imperial throne, Constantine the Great and Licinius, in the province of Pannonia Secunda, near the town of Cibalae. Despite being outnumbered, with an army of 20,000 men against Licinius' 35,000, Constantine emerged victorious after a fierce battle that lasted the entire day.
During the 5th century, the province was raided several times, by migrating peoples, including Huns and Goths.[2] During the 6th century, the territory was contested between the Ostrogoths, Gepids, Langobards, Avars, and the Byzantine Empire.[3]
Cities
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Besides Sirmium, the other cities in Pannonia Secunda were:
- Mursa (today Osijek)
- Certissa (today Đakovo)
- Marsonia (today Slavonski Brod)
- Cibalae (today Vinkovci)
- Bassianae (today Donji Petrovci)
- Cuccium (today Ilok)
- Saldae (today Posavski Podgajci)
- Teutoburgium (today Dalj)
Prefects
[edit | edit source]Among the prefects of Pannonia Secunda:
- Aprikanus (355)
- Mesala (373)
- Aurelius Victor, prefect of Pannonia Secunda under Emperor Julian.
See also
[edit | edit source]- Pannonia
- Pannonia Inferior
- Pannonia Valeria
- Diocese of Pannonia
- Pannonia (Byzantine province)
- Theme of Sirmium
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Mirković 2017.
- ^ Gračanin 2006, p. 29-76.
- ^ Daim 2019, p. 221-241.
Literature
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External links
[edit | edit source]
- States and territories established in the 290s
- Late Roman provinces
- Croatia in the Roman era
- Serbia in the Roman era
- Illyricum (Roman province)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Roman era
- Ancient history of Vojvodina
- History of Syrmia
- Provinces of Pannonia
- Pannonia Inferior
- 290s establishments in the Roman Empire
- 296 establishments
- 5th-century disestablishments in the Roman Empire
- States and territories disestablished in the 5th century