Order-infinite-3 triangular honeycomb
| Order-infinite-3 triangular honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbols | {3,∞,3} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {3,∞} File:H2 tiling 23i-4.png |
| Faces | {3} |
| Edge figure | {3} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,3} File:H2-I-3-dual.svg |
| Dual | Self-dual |
| Coxeter group | [3,∞,3] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-3 triangular honeycomb (or 3,∞,3 honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,∞,3}.
Geometry
[edit | edit source]It has three Infinite-order triangular tiling {3,∞} around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many triangular tilings existing around each vertex in an order-3 apeirogonal tiling vertex figure.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 3-i-3 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 3i3 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Related polytopes and honeycombs
[edit | edit source]It is a part of a sequence of regular honeycombs with Infinite-order triangular tiling cells: {3,∞,p}.
It is a part of a sequence of regular honeycombs with order-3 apeirogonal tiling vertex figures: {p,∞,3}.
It is a part of a sequence of self-dual regular honeycombs: {p,∞,p}.
Order-infinite-4 triangular honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-4 triangular honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbols | {3,∞,4} {3,∞1,1} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {3,∞} File:H2 tiling 23i-4.png |
| Faces | {3} |
| Edge figure | {4} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,4} File:H2 tiling 24i-1.png r{∞,∞} File:H2 tiling 2ii-2.png |
| Dual | {4,∞,3} |
| Coxeter group | [3,∞,4] [3,∞1,1] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-4 triangular honeycomb (or 3,∞,4 honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,∞,4}.
It has four infinite-order triangular tilings, {3,∞}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many infinite-order triangular tilings existing around each vertex in an order-4 apeirogonal tiling vertex figure.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 3-i-4 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 3i4 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {3,∞1,1}, Coxeter diagram, ![]()
File:CDel node.pngFile:CDel split1-ii.pngFile:CDel nodes.png, with alternating types or colors of infinite-order triangular tiling cells. In Coxeter notation the half symmetry is [3,∞,4,1+] = [3,∞1,1].
Order-infinite-5 triangular honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-5 triangular honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbols | {3,∞,5} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {3,∞} File:H2 tiling 23i-4.png |
| Faces | {3} |
| Edge figure | {5} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,5} File:H2 tiling 25i-1.png |
| Dual | {5,∞,3} |
| Coxeter group | [3,∞,5] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-3 triangular honeycomb (or 3,∞,5 honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,∞,5}. It has five infinite-order triangular tiling, {3,∞}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many infinite-order triangular tilings existing around each vertex in an order-5 apeirogonal tiling vertex figure.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 3-i-5 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 3i5 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Order-infinite-6 triangular honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-6 triangular honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbols | {3,∞,6} {3,(∞,3,∞)} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {3,∞} File:H2 tiling 23i-4.png |
| Faces | {3} |
| Edge figure | {6} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,6} File:H2 tiling 26i-4.png {(∞,3,∞)} File:H2 tiling 3ii-2.png |
| Dual | {6,∞,3} |
| Coxeter group | [3,∞,6] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-6 triangular honeycomb (or 3,∞,6 honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,∞,6}. It has infinitely many infinite-order triangular tiling, {3,∞}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many infinite-order triangular tilings existing around each vertex in an order-6 apeirogonal tiling, {∞,6}, vertex figure.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 3-i-6 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 3i6 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Order-infinite-7 triangular honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-7 triangular honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbols | {3,∞,7} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {3,∞} File:H2 tiling 23i-4.png |
| Faces | {3} |
| Edge figure | {7} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,7} File:H2 tiling 27i-4.png |
| Dual | {7,∞,3} |
| Coxeter group | [3,∞,7] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-7 triangular honeycomb (or 3,∞,6 honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,∞,7}. It has infinitely many infinite-order triangular tiling, {3,∞}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many infinite-order triangular tilings existing around each vertex in an order-7 apeirogonal tiling, {∞,7}, vertex figure.
| File:H3 3i7 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Order-infinite-infinite triangular honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-infinite triangular honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbols | {3,∞,∞} {3,(∞,∞,∞)} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {3,∞} File:H2 tiling 23i-4.png |
| Faces | {3} |
| Edge figure | {∞} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,∞} File:H2 tiling 2ii-4.png {(∞,∞,∞)} File:H2 tiling iii-4.png |
| Dual | {∞,∞,3} |
| Coxeter group | [∞,∞,3] [3,((∞,∞,∞))] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-infinite triangular honeycomb (or 3,∞,∞ honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,∞,∞}. It has infinitely many infinite-order triangular tiling, {3,∞}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many infinite-order triangular tilings existing around each vertex in an infinite-order apeirogonal tiling, {∞,∞}, vertex figure.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 3-i-i poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 3ii UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {3,(∞,∞,∞)}, Coxeter diagram, ![]()
File:CDel node.pngFile:CDel infin.pngFile:CDel node.pngFile:CDel infin.pngFile:CDel node h0.png = ![]()
File:CDel node.pngFile:CDel split1-ii.pngFile:CDel branch.pngFile:CDel labelinfin.png, with alternating types or colors of infinite-order triangular tiling cells. In Coxeter notation the half symmetry is [3,∞,∞,1+] = [3,((∞,∞,∞))].
Order-infinite-3 square honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-3 square honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbol | {4,∞,3} |
| Coxeter diagram | |
| Cells | {4,∞} File:H2 tiling 24i-4.png |
| Faces | {4} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,3} |
| Dual | {3,∞,4} |
| Coxeter group | [4,∞,3] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-3 square honeycomb (or 4,∞,3 honeycomb) a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of a heptagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere.
The Schläfli symbol of the order-infinite-3 square honeycomb is {4,∞,3}, with three infinite-order square tilings meeting at each edge. The vertex figure of this honeycomb is an order-3 apeirogonal tiling, {∞,3}.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 4-i-3 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 4i3 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Order-infinite-3 pentagonal honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-3 pentagonal honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbol | {5,∞,3} |
| Coxeter diagram | |
| Cells | {5,∞} File:H2 tiling 25i-4.png |
| Faces | {5} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,3} |
| Dual | {3,∞,5} |
| Coxeter group | [5,∞,3] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-3 pentagonal honeycomb (or 5,∞,3 honeycomb) a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an infinite-order pentagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere.
The Schläfli symbol of the order-6-3 pentagonal honeycomb is {5,∞,3}, with three infinite-order pentagonal tilings meeting at each edge. The vertex figure of this honeycomb is a heptagonal tiling, {∞,3}.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 5-i-3 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 5i3 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Order-infinite-3 hexagonal honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-3 hexagonal honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbol | {6,∞,3} |
| Coxeter diagram | |
| Cells | {6,∞} File:H2 tiling 26i-4.png |
| Faces | {6} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,3} |
| Dual | {3,∞,6} |
| Coxeter group | [6,∞,3] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-3 hexagonal honeycomb (or 6,∞,3 honeycomb) a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an order-3 apeirogonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere.
The Schläfli symbol of the order-infinite-3 hexagonal honeycomb is {6,∞,3}, with three infinite-order hexagonal tilings meeting at each edge. The vertex figure of this honeycomb is an order-3 apeirogonal tiling, {∞,3}.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 6-i-3 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 6i3 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Order-infinite-3 heptagonal honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-3 heptagonal honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbol | {7,∞,3} |
| Coxeter diagram | |
| Cells | {7,∞} File:H2 tiling 27i-4.png |
| Faces | {7} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,3} |
| Dual | {3,∞,7} |
| Coxeter group | [7,∞,3] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-3 heptagonal honeycomb (or 7,∞,3 honeycomb) a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an infinite-order heptagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere.
The Schläfli symbol of the order-infinite-3 heptagonal honeycomb is {7,∞,3}, with three infinite-order heptagonal tilings meeting at each edge. The vertex figure of this honeycomb is an order-3 apeirogonal tiling, {∞,3}.
| File:H3 7i3 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Order-infinite-3 apeirogonal honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-3 apeirogonal honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbol | {∞,∞,3} |
| Coxeter diagram | |
| Cells | {∞,∞} File:H2 tiling 2ii-1.png |
| Faces | Apeirogon {∞} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,3} |
| Dual | {3,∞,∞} |
| Coxeter group | [∞,∞,3] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-3 apeirogonal honeycomb (or ∞,∞,3 honeycomb) a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an infinite-order apeirogonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere.
The Schläfli symbol of the apeirogonal tiling honeycomb is {∞,∞,3}, with three infinite-order apeirogonal tilings meeting at each edge. The vertex figure of this honeycomb is an infinite-order apeirogonal tiling, {∞,3}.
The "ideal surface" projection below is a plane-at-infinity, in the Poincaré half-space model of H3. It shows an Apollonian gasket pattern of circles inside a largest circle.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb i-i-3 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 ii3 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Order-infinite-4 square honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-4 square honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbol | {4,∞,4} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {4,∞} File:H2 tiling 24i-4.png |
| Faces | {4} |
| Edge figure | {4} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,4} {∞,∞} |
| Dual | self-dual |
| Coxeter group | [4,∞,4] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-4 square honeycomb (or 4,∞,4 honeycomb) a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {4,∞,4}.
All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with four infinite-order square tilings existing around each edge and with an order-4 apeirogonal tiling vertex figure.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 4-i-4 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 4i4 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {4,∞1,1}, Coxeter diagram,
File:CDel 4.pngFile:CDel node.pngFile:CDel split1-ii.pngFile:CDel nodes.png, with alternating types or colors of cells. In Coxeter notation the half symmetry is [4,∞,4,1+] = [4,∞1,1].
Order-infinite-5 pentagonal honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-5 pentagonal honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbol | {5,∞,5} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {5,∞} File:H2 tiling 25i-1.png |
| Faces | {5} |
| Edge figure | {5} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,5} |
| Dual | self-dual |
| Coxeter group | [5,∞,5] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-5 pentagonal honeycomb (or 5,∞,5 honeycomb) a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {5,∞,5}.
All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with five infinite-order pentagonal tilings existing around each edge and with an order-5 apeirogonal tiling vertex figure.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 5-i-5 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 5i5 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Order-infinite-6 hexagonal honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-6 hexagonal honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbols | {6,∞,6} {6,(∞,3,∞)} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {6,∞} File:H2 tiling 25i-4.png |
| Faces | {6} |
| Edge figure | {6} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,6} File:H2 tiling 25i-4.png {(5,3,5)} File:H2 tiling 35i-1.png |
| Dual | self-dual |
| Coxeter group | [6,∞,6] [6,((∞,3,∞))] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-6 hexagonal honeycomb (or 6,∞,6 honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {6,∞,6}. It has six infinite-order hexagonal tilings, {6,∞}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many hexagonal tilings existing around each vertex in an order-6 apeirogonal tiling vertex figure.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb 6-i-6 poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 6i6 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {6,(∞,3,∞)}, Coxeter diagram,
File:CDel 6.pngFile:CDel node.pngFile:CDel split1-ii.pngFile:CDel branch.png, with alternating types or colors of cells. In Coxeter notation the half symmetry is [6,∞,6,1+] = [6,((∞,3,∞))].
Order-infinite-7 heptagonal honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-7 heptagonal honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbols | {7,∞,7} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {7,∞} File:H2 tiling 27i-4.png |
| Faces | {7} |
| Edge figure | {7} |
| Vertex figure | {∞,7} File:H2 tiling 27i-4.png |
| Dual | self-dual |
| Coxeter group | [7,∞,7] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-7 heptagonal honeycomb (or 7,∞,7 honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {7,∞,7}. It has seven infinite-order heptagonal tilings, {7,∞}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many heptagonal tilings existing around each vertex in an order-7 apeirogonal tiling vertex figure.
| File:H3 7i7 UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
Order-infinite-infinite apeirogonal honeycomb
[edit | edit source]| Order-infinite-infinite apeirogonal honeycomb | |
|---|---|
| Type | Regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbols | {∞,∞,∞} {∞,(∞,∞,∞)} |
| Coxeter diagrams | |
| Cells | {∞,∞} File:H2 tiling 2ii-1.png |
| Faces | {∞} |
| Edge figure | {∞} |
| Vertex figure | File:H2 tiling 2ii-4.png {∞,∞} File:H2 tiling iii-4.png {(∞,∞,∞)} |
| Dual | self-dual |
| Coxeter group | [∞,∞,∞] [∞,((∞,∞,∞))] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-infinite apeirogonal honeycomb (or ∞,∞,∞ honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {∞,∞,∞}. It has infinitely many infinite-order apeirogonal tiling {∞,∞} around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many infinite-order apeirogonal tilings existing around each vertex in an infinite-order apeirogonal tiling vertex figure.
| File:Hyperbolic honeycomb i-i-i poincare.png Poincaré disk model |
File:H3 iii UHS plane at infinity.png Ideal surface |
It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {∞,(∞,∞,∞)}, Coxeter diagram,
File:CDel infin.pngFile:CDel node.pngFile:CDel split1-ii.pngFile:CDel branch.pngFile:CDel labelinfin.png, with alternating types or colors of cells.
See also
[edit | edit source]References
[edit | edit source]- Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).. (Tables I and II: Regular polytopes and honeycombs, pp. 294–296)
- The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays (1999), Dover Publications, LCCN 99-35678, Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (Chapter 10, Regular Honeycombs in Hyperbolic Space Archived 2016-06-10 at the Wayback Machine) Table III
- Jeffrey R. Weeks The Shape of Space, 2nd edition Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (Chapters 16–17: Geometries on Three-manifolds I, II)
- George Maxwell, Sphere Packings and Hyperbolic Reflection Groups, JOURNAL OF ALGEBRA 79,78-97 (1982) [1]
- Hao Chen, Jean-Philippe Labbé, Lorentzian Coxeter groups and Boyd-Maxwell ball packings, (2013)[2]
- Visualizing Hyperbolic Honeycombs arXiv:1511.02851 Roice Nelson, Henry Segerman (2015)
External links
[edit | edit source]- Hyperbolic Catacombs Carousel: {3,∞,3} honeycomb YouTube, Roice Nelson
- John Baez, Visual insights: {7,3,3} Honeycomb (2014/08/01) {7,3,3} Honeycomb Meets Plane at Infinity (2014/08/14)
- Danny Calegari, Kleinian, a tool for visualizing Kleinian groups, Geometry and the Imagination 4 March 2014. [3]