One-way Permit
| Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao 前往港澳通行证 | |
|---|---|
| File:People's Republic of China Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao.jpg Biodata page | |
| Type | Travel document |
| Issued by | China |
| First issued | 1982 |
| One-way Permit | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 前往港澳通行證 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 前往港澳通行证 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| One-way Permit | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 單程證 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 单程证 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
The Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao,[1][2] colloquially known as the One-way Permit,[2][3] is a travel document issued by the Exit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China. This passport-size document is issued for its bearers, Chinese citizens residing in the mainland with relatives in Hong Kong or Macau, to proceed to the special administrative regions for residency.[4][5]
History
[edit | edit source]The British Hong Kong government implemented the Touch Base Policy, which confer all mainland residents who arrived in Hong Kong the legal Hong Kong resident status. As the number of immigrants increased, the British Hong Kong government decided to change the policy and control immigration.[6][7]
In 1982, in order to control the border, the British Hong Kong government reached an agreement with the Chinese government, stipulating that mainland residents coming to Hong Kong for residency must hold a one-way permit issued by the Chinese government, with a quota of 75 per day.[8] In 1995, the one-way permit daily quota was raised to 150.[9] As of 2024, this quota cap remains in effect.[10]
Selected statistics
[edit | edit source]| Year | No. of bearers | Bearers aged 15+ | Remaining quota by year | Median age |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 45234 | 30945 | 9516 | 29 |
| 2003 | 53507 | 38640 | 1243 | 30 |
| 2004 | 38072 | 26752 | 16678 | 29 |
| 2005 | 55106 | 40568 | -356 | 29 |
| 2006 | 54170 | 37779 | 580 | 27 |
| 2007 | 33865 | 24798 | 20885 | 28 |
| 2008 | 41610 | 31435 | 13140 | 28 |
| 2009 | 48587 | 38854 | 6163 | 29 |
| 2010 | 42624 | 34071 | 1216 | 29 |
| 2011 | 43379 | 35916 | 11371 | 31 |
| 2012 | 54646 | 47721 | 254 | 36 |
| 2013 | 45031 | 37797 | 9719 | 33 |
| 2014 | 40496 | 32627 | 14254 | 32 |
| 2015 | 38338 | 31423 | 16412 | 32 |
| 2016 | 57387 | 47358 | -2487 | 32 |
| 2017 | 46971 | 38740 | 7779 | 32 |
| 2018 | 42331 | 35002 | 12569 | 33 |
| 2019 | 39060 | 31358 | 15690 | 32 |
| 2020 | 10134 | 7974 | 44766 | 32 |
| 2021 | 17919 | 14026 | 36831 | 31 |
As of the end of 2016, approximately 950,000 mainland migrants came from the program, representing about 12.8% of Hong Kong's total population.[12]
Controversy
[edit | edit source]Although the permit is specifically for the purpose of family reunion, not for general immigration,[13] the scheme is controversial. Hong Kong currently has a quota of 150 people per day and the waiting time for spouses is currently 4 years.[14] Journalist Ching Cheong alleges that the scheme, whose beneficiaries are at the sole discretion of the PRC government and outside of the vetting procedures of the Hong Kong Immigration Department, is an infiltration mechanism for creating a loyal voter bloc in Hong Kong; those that are not filled by cadres become a graft mechanism for officials.[15][16] Martin Lee said that the policy is part of the CPC's strategy of long-run "Tibetisation" of Hong Kong, aimed at marginalising Hong Kong people and their core values over time.[16][17]
See also
[edit | edit source]- Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau: The permit issued to Mainland Chinese residents visiting Hong Kong and Macau temporary.
- Home Return Permit
- Taiwan Compatriot Entry Permit
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Press Releases — LCQ17: One-way Permit Archived 26 May 2024 at the Wayback Machine, Government Information Centre, Hong Kong.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Paul Yip, Mainland migrants are needed in Hong Kong. The city should not scrap the one-way permit scheme, but improve it Archived 7 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine SCMP
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ 程翔, 從十八大看香港地下黨規模 Archived 24 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Sina Corporation. Ming Pao, 7 November 2012.
- ^ a b Hung, Ho-fung. "Three Views of Local Consciousness in Hong Kong" Archived 24 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 12; Issue 44, No. 1; 3 November 2014.
- ^ Lee, Martin (29 September 2012). "香港西藏化" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Next Magazine.
