Oncidium

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Oncidium
Oncidium altissimum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Cymbidieae
Subtribe: Oncidiinae
Genus: Oncidium
Sw.
Type species
Oncidium altissimum
(Jacq.) Sw.
Synonyms[1]
  • Anachaste Lindl.
  • Senghas & Lückel Senghas & Bockemühl
  • (Rchb.f.) Lindl. Raf.
  • Miltonioides Heteranthocidium
  • Brieger & Lückel Xeilyathum
  • Cochlioda Szlach., Mytnik & Romowicz
  • Kunth Schltr., nom. cons.
  • Petalocentrum Matalbatzia
  • Schltr. Chamaeleorchis
  • Lindl. Archila, the word "Type" or equivalent not used.
  • Schltr. Odontoglossum
  • Sigmatostalix Mexicoa
  • Rchb.f. Solenidiopsis
  • Collare-stuartense Garay
  • Senghas Roezliella
  • Symphyglossum Miltoniastrum

Oncidium is a genus of about 370 species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It is distributed across tropical and subtropical America from Mexico, Central America and the West Indies to northern Argentina, with one species (O. ensatum) extending into Florida.[2][3] Common names for plants in this genus include dancing-lady orchid.[4]

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2009 labeled the Oncidium alliance "grossly polyphyletic."[5] In the same year, the American Orchid Society labeled the genus a "dumping ground".[6] A consensus announced in April 2013 resulted in major taxonomic changes to Oncidium, Gomesa, Odontoglossum, Miltonia, and others.[7] Much of this debate and subsequent housekeeping was initiated by significant research for the scientific publication Genera Orchidacearum Volume 5.[8] One significant change is the move of most Brazilian Oncidium with a fused lateral sepal to the genus Gomesa.[6][5]

Description

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Orchids in the genus Oncidium are tufted, epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial herbs with clustered pseudobulbs each with up to four blunt-tipped, strap-like leaves.[9][10] The inflorescences are borne in panicles, usually appear from the axils of recently matured growth and flower only once from the pseudobulb. The flowers are resupinate, the sepals and petals free from each other, egg-shaped to nearly circular, with a fiddle-shaped lip with a prominent warty fringe. The fruit is a capsule.[9][10]

Taxonomy

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The genus Oncidium was first described in 1800 by Olof Swartz in Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences)[11][12] The genus name Oncidium is derived from the Greek word ὀγκος, onkos, meaning 'swelling' and the diminutive -idium in reference to the prominent lip callus.[9]

Oncidium incurvum - another view
Florida orchid (Oncidium ensatum)
Oncidium sphacelatum

Selected species

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Main article: List of Oncidium species

Selected species accepted by Plants of the World Online as of December 2023:

Floral Morphology of an Oncidium Orchid This composite image presents a detailed botanical illustration of the floral anatomy of a typical Oncidium orchid, commonly known as dancing-lady orchid.

Nothogenera

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Many hybrids have been created artificially involving species of Oncidium, often with species of other genera. Named hybrid genera (nothogenera) are listed in the table below, together with their parent genera. As of December 2023, Cochlioda and Odontoglossum are included within Oncidium.[1] and Baptistonia within Gomesa,[13]

Nothogenera involving Oncidium[14]
Nothogenus Parents
× Adacidium Ada × Oncidium
× Adoncostele Ada × Oncidium × Rhynchostele
× Aliceara Brassia × Miltonia × Oncidium
× Arthurara Brassia × Miltonia × Oncidium × Rhynchostele
× Aspacidopsis Aspasia × Miltoniopsis × Oncidium
× Aspacidostele Aspasia × Oncidium × Rhynchostele
× Aspasium Aspasia × Oncidium
× Brapacidium Aspasia × Brassia × Oncidium
× Brascidostele Brassia × Oncidium × Rhynchostele
× Brassidiocentrum Brassia × Oncidium × Trichocentrum
× Brassidium Brassia × Oncidium
× Brassidomesa Brassia × Gomesa × Oncidium
× Brassoncidopsis Brassia × Miltoniopsis × Oncidium
× Crawshayara Aspasia × Brassia × Miltonia × Oncidium
× Cuitlacidium Cuitlauzina × Oncidium
× Cyrtocidistele Cyrtochilum × Oncidium × Rhynchostele
× Cyrtocidium Cyrtochilum × Oncidium
× Cyrtoncidopsis Cyrtochilum × Miltoniopsis × Oncidium
× Dunningara Aspasia × Miltonia × Oncidium
× Gomiltidium Gomesa × Miltonia × Oncidium
× Gomonciada Ada × Gomesa × Oncidium
× Gomoncidochilum Cyrtochilum × Gomesa × Oncidium
× Howeara Leochilus × Oncidium × Rodriguezia
× Lockcidium Lockhartia × Oncidium
× Milenkocidium Miltonia × Oncidium × Zelenkoa
× Milmilcidium Miltonia × Miltoniopsis × Oncidium
× Milonzina Cuitlauzina × Miltonia × Oncidium
× Miltadium Ada × Miltonia × Oncidium
× Miltoncentrum Miltonia × Oncidium × Trichocentrum
× Miltoncidostele Miltonia × Oncidium × Rhynchostele
× Miltonidium Miltonia × Oncidium
× Oncidesa Gomesa × Oncidium
× Oncidettia Comparettia × Oncidium
× Oncidopsis Miltoniopsis × Oncidium
× Oncidpilia Oncidium × Trichopilia
× Oncidumnia Oncidium × Tolumnia
× Oncostele Oncidium × Rhynchostele
× Oncostelopsis Miltoniopsis × Oncidium × Rhynchostele
× Otorhynchocidium Oncidium × Otoglossum × Rhynchostele
× Pettitara Ada × Brassia × Oncidium
× Psychocidium Oncidium × Psychopsis
× Reicheara Aspasia × Miltonia × Miltoniopsis × Oncidium
× Rodricidium Oncidium × Rodriguezia
× Scelodium Oncidium × Scelochilus
× Schunkeara Brassia × Miltonia × Miltoniopsis × Oncidium
× Trichocidium Oncidium × Trichocentrum
× Warneara Comparettia × Oncidium × Rodriguezia
× Zelencidiostele Oncidium × Rhynchostele × Zelenkoa
× Zelencidopsis Miltoniopsis × Oncidium × Zelenkoa
× Zelenkocidium Oncidium × Zelenkoa

References

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  1. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ Flora of North America, v 26 p 648, Oncidium ensatum
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  6. ^ a b Lindleyana : The scientific journal of the American Orchid Society. December 2008 Pg 20
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  • Harry Zelenko :The Pictorial Encyclopaedia of Oncidium (1997)
  • Koniger, W. 2003. New species of the genera Masdevallia, Oncidium and Sigmatostalix. Arcula no. 12: 298–311.
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  • Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons

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