Nitrostarch
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| (C6H7N3O11)n | |
| Appearance | Light yellow powder |
| Insoluble | |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, nitric acid |
| Thermochemistry | |
| 10797.65 J/g | |
| 9279.69 J/g | |
| Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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Starch Nitrocellulose |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nitrostarch is a secondary explosive[1] similar to nitrocellulose. Much like starch, it is made up of two components, nitrated amylose and nitrated amylopectin. Nitrated amylopectin generally has a greater solubility than amylose; however, it is less stable than nitrated amylose.[2]
The solubility, detonation velocity, and impact sensitivity depend heavily on the level of nitration.[2]
Synthesis
[edit | edit source]Nitrostarch is made by dissolving starch in red fuming nitric acid. It is then precipitated by adding the solution to concentrated sulfuric acid.[2]
Nitrostarch can be stabilized by refluxing it in ethanol to drive off the left over nitric acid.[2]
History
[edit | edit source]Nitrostarch was first discovered by French chemist and pharmacist Henri Braconnot.[3]
After stabilizers (such as ammonium oxalate) were devised in the early 1900s to prolong its shelf life, it was started to be used as an industrial explosive.[4]
During World War I, it was used as a filler in hand grenades.[5]
References
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