Peripatidae
| Peripatidae Temporal range:
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|---|---|
| File:Velvet worm (2002).jpg | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Onychophora |
| Family: | Peripatidae Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1832 |
| Genera | |
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See text | |
| File:Onychophora global distribution map.jpg | |
| Global range of Onychophora extant Peripatidae fossils
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Peripatidae is a family of velvet worms.[1] This family includes more than 90 described species distributed among 13 genera,[2] but some authorities deem only 80 of these species to be valid.[3] The oldest putative representatives of the family herald from Burmese amber dated to the mid-Cretaceous, around 100 million years ago, with representatives from Dominican and Baltic amber attesting to a broader distribution in the Palaeogene / Neogene; molecular variability suggests that the family's crown group may have arisen in the early Mesozoic.[4]
Description
[edit | edit source]The Peripatidae exhibit a range of derivative features. They are longer, on average, than the Peripatopsidae and also have more leg pairs. The number of legs in the Peripatidae varies within species as well as among species[5] and ranges from 19 pairs (in Typhloperipatus williamsoni[6]) to 43 pairs (in Plicatoperipatus jamaicensis[7]).[8][9] The gonopore is always between the penultimate leg pair.[8] There are no known oviparous species—the overwhelming majority, including all the Neotropical Peripatidae, are viviparous with females that develop a placenta to provide the growing embryo with nutrients.[10] The Asian genera Typhloperipatus and Eoperipatus, however, exhibit lecithotrophic ovoviviparity; that is, their females do not develop any placenta and instead retain yolky eggs in their uteri to supply nourishment.[10]
Distribution
[edit | edit source]The Peripatidae, also known as equatorial velvet worms,[11] are restricted to the tropical and subtropical zones; in particular, they inhabit Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, Gabon, Northeast India, and Southeast Asia.[12]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]Neopatida
[edit | edit source]Neopatida is a monophyletic lineage within the Peripatidae, comprising all peripatids except the few found outside of the Americas.[13] The excluded peripatid genera are the southeast Asian †Cretoperipatus and Eoperipatus, the African Mesoperipatus, and the northeast Indian Typhloperipatus.
Genera
[edit | edit source]The family consists of the following genera:
- †Cretoperipatus Engel & Grimaldi, 2002
- Eoperipatus Evans, 1901
- Mesoperipatus Evans, 1901
- Typhloperipatus Kemp, 1913
- Neopatida
- Cerradopatus Oliveira et al., 2015
- Epiperipatus Clark, 1913
- Heteroperipatus Zilch, 1954
- Macroperipatus Clark, 1913
- Mongeperipatus Barquero-González et al., 2020[14]
- Oroperipatus Cockerell, 1908
- Peripatus Guilding, 1826
- Plicatoperipatus Clark, 1913
- Principapillatus Oliveira et al., 2013
- Speleoperipatus Peck, 1975
References
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
- File:Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Peripatidae at Wikispecies
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