Ahwai language
| Ahwai | |
|---|---|
| Ndunic | |
| indùn, hanyeŋ, ìʃákárá | |
| Region | Nigeria |
| Ethnicity | Ahwai people |
Native speakers | 15,000 (2006)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nfd |
| Glottolog | ahwa1235 |
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| Nandu | |
|---|---|
| Person | aner andùn |
| People | bener andùn |
| Language | indùn |
| Ningon | |
|---|---|
| Person | anyeŋ |
| People | banyeŋ |
| Language | hanyeŋ |
| Tari | |
|---|---|
| Person | kùʃákárá |
| People | úʃàkárá |
| Language | ìʃákárá |
Ahwai, also called the Ndunic languages (formerly Nandu-Tari), is a Plateau language cluster spoken to the southwest of Fadan Karshi in Sanga LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Most villages are located at the foot of the Ahwai Mountains in Kaduna State.[2]
Dialects
[edit | edit source]There are three mutually intelligible dialects:
- Ndun (Nandu), spoken just to the southwest of the Ahwai Mountains.
- Nyeng (Ningon), spoken just to the northwest of the Ahwai Mountains. First documented in 2003.[3]
- Shakara (Tari), spoken just to the southeast of the Ahwai Mountains.
Blench (2008) classified them as distinct Ndunic languages. However, that same year Ethnologue merged them as a single language.
Ahwai is a self-designated term used to refer to speakers of all three Ndunic languages.[3]
Ndun
[edit | edit source]Ndun is also known by the Hausa name Nandu. Ndun villages are Ànkpòŋ, Anfufalǐm, Ŋ̀bòk, Ànkàrà, Bányìn, and Ungwar Rimi.[4]
In Nince village, Kaduna State, the Nisam (Nince) people have all shifted to Ndun. The Nisam language remains undocumented.[5]
Nyeng
[edit | edit source]Nyeng is spoken by about 2,000 speakers in Adu and other villages in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The Nyeng people used to live on the hill of ifyal anyeŋ. Today, their villages are:[6]
| Nyeng name | Hausa name |
|---|---|
| Adu | Ningon Kirya |
| Pɔ̀hɔ́k | Ungwan Giginya |
| Pok Kyɔ́ | Ungwan Dakaci |
| Ungwan Rimi | Ningon Titi |
A word list of Nyeng was collected by Roger Blench and Barau Kato in 2003.
Shakara
[edit | edit source]The main settlements of the Shakara are Jije Fyal, Nggwakum, Akayi, Apɔhɔt, Telehwe, Kobo, Koba, Nggwa Dauda, Nggwa Mangoro, Nggwa Igyan, Barib, and formerly Nggwa Yiri (now uninhabited).[7]
Names and locations
[edit | edit source]Below is a list of Ndunic language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).[8]
| Language | Cluster | Alternate spellings | Own name for language | Endonym(s) | Other names (location-based) | Other names for language | Speakers | Location(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ndun-Nyeng-Shakara cluster | Ndun-Nyeng-Shakara | Ahwai [recently adopted name for the three languages] | ||||||
| Ndun | Ndun-Nyeng-Shakara | Nandu | ||||||
| Nyeng | Ndun-Nyeng-Shakara | Ningon | ||||||
| Shakara | Ndun-Nyeng-Shakara | ìShákárá | sg. kùShákárá pl. úShákárá | Tari | Shakara 3000 (Blench est. 2003) | Kaduna State, a line of villages 7 km. due west of Mayir on the Fadan Karshe-Wamba road |
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Ahwai at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Roger Blench: Ndunic materials
- ^ a b Blench, Roger M. 2018. Nominal affixes and number marking in the Plateau languages of Central Nigeria. In John R. Watters (ed.), East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs, 107–172. Berlin: Language Science Press. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Blench, Roger M. 2007. The Ndun language of Central Nigeria and its affinities.
- ^ Blench, Roger M. 2012. Akpondu, Nigbo, Bəbər and Nisam: moribund or extinct languages of central Nigeria Babur.
- ^ Blench, Roger M. 2006. The Nyeng language of Central Nigeria and its affinities.
- ^ Blench, Roger. 2014. The Shakara (Tari) language of Central Nigeria and its affinities.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Blench, Roger (2008). Prospecting proto-Plateau. Manuscript.
- Ethnologue merger of Ndunic
External links
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