Names of European cities in different languages (I–L)
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The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.
There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time.[citation needed] In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago. In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdańsk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev.[1]
I
[edit | edit source]| English name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Romania Iași | Iași (Romanian*),[KNAB] Iasi - 이아시 (Korean*), Iásio - Ιάσιο (Greek*), Iassium (Latin*), Iassy (French variant*, Historical variant*), Iassi (Historical variant*), Jaš - Јаш (Serbian*),[KNAB] Yash - Яш (Bulgarian),[KNAB] Jasai (Lithuanian*),[KNAB] Jasi' (Latvian*), Jaši - Јаши (Serbian alternative*), Jassenmarkt (archaic German), Jassi (archaic Italian), Jassy (English variant*, German*,[KNAB] Polish*,[KNAB]), Jassy - Яссы (Russian*),[KNAB] Jassy - Ясси (Ukrainian),[KNAB] Jasy (Czech*[KNAB], Slovak*[KNAB]), Jászvásár (Hungarian*), Yaş (Turkish*), Yas - יאס (Yiddish*), Yashi (Romani*), Yashi - (Japanese*), Yassi (Historical variant*), Yassy (Historical variant*), Yǎxī - 雅西 (Mandarin Chinese*), Yosh - יאש (Yiddish alternative) |
| Italy Iglesias | Esglésies* or Iglésies* (Catalan), Igeullesiaseu / Igŭllesiasŭ - 이글레시아스 (Korean), Iglesias (Italian*, Romanian*, Spanish*), Igresias (Sardinian)*, Is Cresias (former Sardinian)*, Villa di Chiesa (former Italian)* |
| Finland Iisalmi | Iisalmi (Finnish)*, Idensalmi (Swedish)* |
| Switzerland Ilanz | Glion (Romansh)*, Ilanz (German)* |
| Slovakia Ilava | Ilava (Slovak*), Illau (German*), Illava (Hungarian*) |
| Finland Inari | Aanaar (Inari Sami), Anaar (Skolt Sami), Anár (Northern Sami)*, Enare (Swedish)*, Inari (Finnish)*, Inari – ინარი (Georgian*), Inari - 이나리 (Korean) |
| Austria Innsbruck | Dispruch (Ladin), Innsbruck (Finnish*, German*, Romanian*), Innzbruk (Hungarian), Inomost (Old Slovene)*, Innomostí* / Inšpruk* (Czech), Insbruka (Latvian)*, Insbrukas (Lithuanian)*, Insbruk'i – ინსბრუკი (Georgian*), Insbruque (Portuguese)*, Inseubeurukeu / Insŭbŭruk'ŭ - 인스브루크 (Korean), Insuburukku - インスブルック (Japanese)*, Inzbrik (Yiddish), Inzbruk (Serbian)*, Puntina (Romansh), 因斯布鲁克 (Chinese) |
| Greece Ioannina | Giannina (Italian)*, Ianina (Aromanian, Romanian*), Ioánnina - Ιωάννινα (Greek)*, Janina (Czech*, Finnish*, Lithuanian*, Portuguese*), Janinë* / Janina* (Albanian), Janjina - Јањина (Serbian)*, Joanina (Portuguese variant)*, Yánena - Γιάννενα* and Yánina - Γιάννινα* (Greek variants), Yanina (Azeri)*, Yanya (Turkish)* |
| United KingdomScotland Inverness | Inbhir Nis (Scots Gaelic)*, Inbhear Nis (Irish)*, Inbeoneseu / Inbŏnesŭ - 인버네스 (Korean), 因華尼斯 (Chinese-HK), 因弗內斯 (Chinese-PRC)* |
| Greece Iraklion | See Heraklion |
| Turkey Istanbul | Carigrad (Slovene), Estambol (Ladino)*, Estambul (Spanish)*, İstanbul (Azeri*, Turkish*), Iostanbúl (Irish), Iseutanbul or Isŭt'anbul – 이스탄불 (Korean), Isutambūru - イスタンブール (Japanese)*, Istamboul (French alternate)*, Istambul Portuguese*), Istambuł* or Stambuł* (Polish), Истамбул or Цариград (Bulgarian) استانبول = Estānbol (Persian*), Istanboel (Afrikaans, Dutch*), Isṭanbūl – إسطنبول (Arabic)*, Istanbul (Bosnian*, Croatian*, Czech*, German*, French*, Italian*, Ladino alternate *, Maltese, Romanian*, Serbian* Tagalog*), Isztambul (Hungarian)*, Konstantinúpolis – Κωνσταντινούπολις* or I Póli – Η Πόλη* (i.e. "The City") (Greek), Mikligarður (Icelandic)*, Stamboll (Albanian)*, Stamboul (French alternate [old, rare])*, Stambul – Ստամբուլ (Armenian)*, Stambul – Стамбу́л (Russian*, Ukrainian*), Stambula (Latvian)*, Stambulas (Lithuanian)*, St'ambuli – სტამბული (Georgian*), Stenbol (Kurdish)*,Sztambul (old Hungarian)*, Yīsītǎnbǎo 伊斯坦堡* or Yīsītǎnbù'ěr 伊斯坦布爾* (Chinese)
Former names: Asitane, Dersaadet, Estambul, Konstantiniye, Konstantinopyla, Kospoli, Kostan, Kushta, Kushtandina or Payitaht (Payitaht, from Persian پایتخت simply means "Capital City", taht meaning "throne"; Turkish variants during Ottoman period), Beasantian or Baile Chòiseam (Scottish Gaelic), an Bhiosáint or Cathair Chonstaintín (Irish), Bysans* or Byzantion* or Konstantinopel* (Swedish), Bysants* or Konstantinopel* (Norwegian), Bizanc* or Carigrad* or Konstantinopel* (Slovene), Bizánc* or Konstantinápoly* (Hungarian), Bizanci* or Constantinoble* (Catalan), Bizancio* or Constantinopla* (Spanish), Bizâncio* or Constantinopla* (Portuguese), قسطنطنیه = Qostantaniyeh (Persian), Biżanzju or Kostantinopli (Maltese), Bizancjum* or Carogród* or Konstantynopol* (Polish), Bizans* or Qüstəntiniyyə* (Azeri), Bizant*, Carigrad* or Konstantinopol* (Croatian), Bizanţ*, Constantinopol*, Constantinopole*, Stambul* or Ţarigrad* (Romanian), Bisanzio* or Costantinopoli* (Italian),Byzance* or Constantinople* or Stamboul* (French), Byzantion* or Cařihrad* or Konstantinopol* (Czech), Byzantium* or Constantinopolis* (Latin), Byzantium * or Constantinople* (English), Byzanz* or Byzantion* or Konstantinopel* (German), Caergystennin (Welsh)*, Caregrad – Царегра́д, Carjgrad – Царьгра́д, Carjgorod – Царьгород, Vizantij – Виза́нтий or Konstantinopolj – Константино́поль (Russian)*, Carigrad* or Konstantinopolj* or Stambol* (Serbian), Carihrad* or Konštantínopol* (Slovak), Constantinopel (Dutch)*, Konseutantinopolliseu or K'onsŭt'ant'inop'ollisŭ – 콘스탄티노폴리스 (Korean), Konstantínópel (Icelandic)*, Konstantinopla (Tagalog*), K'onst'ant'inop'oli – კონსტანტინოპოლი (Georgian*), Konstantinopoli (Finnish*), Konsutantinōpuru – コンスタンティノープル (Japanese)*, Kostandnoubolis – Կոստանդնուպոլիս* (Armenian), Miklagård (old Swedish)*, Miklagarðr (Old Norse), Qushta – קושטא/איסטנבול (Hebrew)*, Vizántion – Βυζάντιον* or Konstantinoupoli – Κωνσταντινούπολη* (Greek), Bàizhàntíng – 拜占庭 or Jūnshìtǎndīngbǎo – 君士坦丁堡 (Chinese)*, Tsarigrad – Цариград (Bulgarian)* |
| Finland Ivalo | Avveel (Inari Sami)*, Âˊvvel (Skolt Sami)*, Avvil (Northern Sami)*, Ivalo (Finnish)* |
| Russia Ivangorod | Ivangorod – Ивангород (Russian)*, Jaanilinn (Estonian)*, Iivananlinna (Finnish) |
| Ukraine Ivano-Frankivsk | Ivano-Frankivsjk – Івано-Франківськ (Ukrainian)*, Ivano-Frankovsk – Ивано-Франковск (Russian)*, Iwano-Frankowsk (Polish)*, İvano-Frankovsk (Turkish)*, Ivano-Frankivskas (Lithuanian)*, Ivano-prank'ivsk'i – ივანო-ფრანკივსკი (Georgian*), Iwano-Frankiwsk (German)*, Stanislau (former German)*, Stanislavov - Станиславов (former Russian)*, Stanislavovas (former Lithuanian)*, Stanislev - סטאַניסלעװ (Yiddish)*, Stanisławów (former Polish)*, Stanyslaviv - Станиславів (former Ukrainian)* |
| Belgium Izegem | Iseghem (French*), Izegem (Dutch*), Izegemas (Lithuanian), Yzegem (West Flemish*) |
J
[edit | edit source]| English name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Czech Republic Jablonec nad Nisou | Gablonz an der Neiße (German)*, Jabłonec nad Nysą (Polish)* |
| Czech Republic Jablunkov | Jabłonków (Polish)*, Jablunkov (Czech)*, Jablunkau (German)* |
| Finland Jakobstad | Jakobstad (Swedish)*, Pietarsaari (Estonian*, Finnish*) |
| Poland Jarosław | Jaroslau (German)*, Jaroslav (Czech), Jarosław (Polish)*, Yareslev - יאַרעסלעװ (Yiddish)*, Jaroslav - Ярослав (Russian)*, 雅羅斯拉夫 (Chinese) |
| Poland Jastrzębie-Zdrój | Jastrzębie-Zdrój (Polish)*, Bad Königsdorff-Jastrzemb (German)*, Ястшембе-Здруй (Russian)* |
| Slovakia Jelšava | Alnovia (Latin), Eltsch (German*), Ilsau (archaic German), Jelschau (archaic German), Jelšava (Slovak*), Jelšava – Јелшава (Serbian*), Jolsva (Hungarian*) |
| Latvia Jelgava | Elgava – ელგავა (Georgian*), Jelgava (Latvian, Lithuanian)*, Mintauja (Old Lithuanian)*, Mitau (German)*, Mitava - Митава* / Jelgava - Елгава* (Russian), Mitawa (Polish)* |
| Germany Jena | Iéna (French)*, Iena (Portuguese*, Romanian*), Jena (German)*, Iena - Ιένα (Greek)*, Jéna (Hungarian)*, Jjena - Йена (Russian)* 耶拿 (Chinese) |
| Czech Republic Jihlava | Iglau (German)*, Igława (Polish)*, Jihlava (Czech)* |
| Belgium Jodoigne | Djodogne (Walloon*), Geldenaken (Dutch*), Geldenaeken (Zeelandic*), Geldoniacum (Latin*) Jodoigne (French*) |
| Sweden Jokkmokk | Dálvvadis (Lule Sami alternate), Jåhkåmåhkke (Lule Sami), Johkamohkki (Northern Sami)*, Jokimukka (Finnish)*, Jokinmukka, (Meänkieli), Jokkmokk (Swedish)* |
| Germany Jülich | Gulik (Dutch), Jülich (English, German), Juliers (French) |
| Lithuania Jurbarkas | Jurbarkas (Lithuanian)*, Georgenburg* / Jurgenburg* / Eurburg* (German), Jurborg / Jurburg' / Yurburg / Yurberig / Yurbrik (Yiddish)*, Jurbarkas (Samogitian)* |
K
[edit | edit source]| English name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Finland Kajaani | K'aiaani – კაიაანი (Georgian*), Kajaani (Finnish)*, Kajana (Swedish)* |
| Russia Kaliningrad | after 2023:
Królewiec (Polish)* after 1946: before 1946: |
| Sweden Kalix | Calix (former Swedish)*, Gáinnas (Northern Sami)*, Gájnaj (Lule Sami), Gálás (Northern Sami alternate), Kainus (Meänkieli), Kainuu (Finnish)*, Kalix (Swedish)*, Kôlis (local Swedish)* |
| Germany Kamenz | Kamenz (German)*, Kamjenc (Upper Sorbian) |
| Ukraine Kamianets-Podilskyi | Kamaniçe (Turkish), Camenecium (Latin)*, Cameniţa (Romanian)*, Kamenets - קאַמענעץ (Yiddish)*, Kamenec-Podoljskij - Каменец-Подольский (Russian)*, Kamieniec Podolski (Polish)*, Kamjanecj-Podiljsjkyj, otherwise transcribed as Kamyanets'-Podil's'kyi or Kamyanets-Podilskyi - Кам’янець-Подільський (Ukrainian)*, Kamjanets-Podilskyi (Finnish)*, Kamenyec-Podolszkij (Hungarian)*, Kamyanets-Podilskıy (Crimean Tatar) |
| Ukraine Kamianske | Kamenskoe (former German)*, Kamenskoe - Каменское (Russian), Kamenskoye (former English), Kamianske (English, French, Portuguese, Romanian), K'amiansk'e – კამიანსკე (Georgian*), Kamianskė (Lithuanian), Kamianské (Spanish), Kamianske - Кам'янскэ (Belarusian), Kamienskaje - Каменскае (Taraškievica Belarusian), Kamieńskie (Polish), Kamjanske (Czech, Dutch, Estonian, German, Latvian), Kamjanszke (Hungarian), Kamyanske (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Kamian'ske - Камяньске (Rusyn), Kam'ians'ke - Кам'янське (Ukrainian)
in 1936-2016: |
| Russia Kandalaksha | Kandalakša - Кандалакша (Russian)*, Kannanlahti* / Kantalahti* (Finnish), Käddluhtt (Skolt Sami) |
| Poland Kartuzy | Cartusia (Latin)*, Karthaus (German)*, Kartuzë (Kashubian)*, Kartuzy (Polish)* |
| Finland Kaskinen | Kaskinen (Finnish), Kaskö (Swedish) |
| Poland Katowice | Katowice (Polish*, Hungarian*), Katovicai (Lithuanian)*, Katovice (Bulgarian*), Katovice (Czech*, Latvian*, Romanian*, Serbian*, Slovakian*), Katoviçe (Turkish)*, K'at'ovitse – კატოვიცე (Georgian*), Kattowitz (German)*; Stalinogród (Polish 1953–1956)* |
| Lithuania Kaunas | Caunas (Portuguese)*, Kauen (German)*, Kovna - קובנה (Hebrew), Kauņa (Latvian)*, Kaunas (Azeri*, Finnish*, Lithuanian*, Romanian*, Serbian*, Swedish*, Turkish*), Kaunas - Каунас (Bulgarian*, Russian*), Kaunaseu / K'aunasŭ - 카우나스 (Korean)*, K'aunasi – კაუნასი (Georgian*), Kaunasu - カウナス (Japanese)*, Kauns (Samogitian)*, Koŭna - Коўна (Belarusian)*, Kovne - קאָװנע (Yiddish)*, Kovno (Czech)*, Kowno (Polish)*, kaonasi 考那斯 (Chinese)*, Cavm (former Latin, per Carta Marina)*. |
| North Macedonia Kavadarci | Kavadarci (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Кавадарци (Macedonian) |
| Russia Kazan | Cazã (Portuguese)*, Kazanj - Казань (Russian)*, Casan (Latin)*, Kasan (German)*, Kazan - カザン (Japanese)*, Kazan (Turkish)*, Kazań (Polish)*, Kazaņa (Latvian)*, Qazan (Azeri*, Tatar*), 喀山 (Chinese)*, ٌقازان (Arabic)* |
| Russia Kem | Kemj' - Кемь (Russian)*, Kemi* or Vienan Kemi* (Finnish) |
| Finland Kemi | Giepma (Northern Sami)* |
| Ukraine/Autonomous Republic of Crimea Kerch | Keriç (Crimean Tatar*), Kerç (Azeri*, Turkish*), Kerč, i.e. Kerch - Керч (Ukrainian)*, Kerč - Керчь (Russian)*, Kercz (Polish)*, Kerci (Romanian)*, Kertš (Finnish)*, Kertsch (German)*, Krč (older Croatian)*, 刻赤 (Chinese)* |
| Poland Kętrzyn | Kętrzyn (Polish)*, Rastenburg (German)* |
| Slovakia Kežmarok | Caesaropolis (Latin), Käsmark (Garman*), Kejmarok (Azerbaijani*), Kesmark (alternative German), Késmárk (Hungarian*), Kesmarkinum (alternative Latin) Kezmark – קעזמאַרק (Yiddish*), Kežmarok (Slovak*), Kežmarok – Кежмарок (Serbian*), Kežmaroka (Latvian*), Kežmarokas (Lithuanian*), Kieżmark (Polish*), Villa (Saxonum apud Ecclesiam) Sancte Elisabeth (alternative Latin) |
| Ukraine Kharkiv | Carcóvia (Portuguese)*, Charkov (Czech*, Slovak*), Charkovas (Lithuanian)*, Charkow (German), Charkiv / Charkov (Dutch)*, Charków (Polish)*, Hā'ěrkēfū - 哈尔科夫 (simplified) 哈爾科夫 (traditional) (Chinese), Hareukiu / Harŭk'iu - 하르키우 (Korean)*, Harkov (Romanian*, Serbian*, Slovene), Harkova (Latvian*, Finnish*), Harkov (Hungarian)*, Hárkovo - Χάρκοβο (Greek)*, Harukiu - ハルキウ (Japanese)*, Karkov (Turkish)*, Kharkiv - Харків (Ukrainian)*, Khark'ivi – ხარკივი (Georgian*), Kharkov or Khar'kov or Kharjkov - Харьков (Russian)*, خاركوف (Arabic) |
| North Macedonia Kičevo | Kërçovë (Albanian), Kičevo (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Kičevo - Кичево (Macedonian) |
| Germany Kiel | Kiel (Estonian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Low Saxon*, Portuguese*, Romanian*, Spanish*, Swedish*, Turkish*), Kil (North Frisian)*, Ķīle (Latvian)*, K'ili – კილი (Georgian*), Kilonia (Polish)*, Kylis (Lithuanian)*, Quília (Portuguese, rare)*,[2] Kielo - Κίελο (Greek)*, 基爾 (Chinese) |
| Poland Kielce | Kielce (Polish)*, Kelts - קעלץ (Yiddish)*, Keljcy - Кельцы*, Keljce - Кельце (Russian)* |
| Serbia Kikinda | Chichinda Mare (Romanian)*, Grosskikinda (German)*, Nagykikinda (Hungarian*) |
| Turkey Kırklareli | Kırkkilise (former Ottoman Turkish)*, Kırklareli (Turkish)*, Lozengrad - Лозенград (Bulgarian)*, Qırxlareli (Azeri)*, Saránda Eklisiés - Σαράντα Εκκλησιές* / Saránda Eklisíe - Σαράντα Ἐκκλησίαι* (Greek) |
| Republic of Ireland Kilkenny | Cill Chainnigh (Irish)* |
| Republic of Ireland Killarney | Cill Áirne (Irish) |
| Russia Kirov | Iljna - Ильна (historic Mari),[KNAB] Iljna-ola - Ильна-ола (historic Mari),[KNAB] Ilna - Илна (historic Meadow Mari), Ilna-ola - Илна-Ола (historic Meadow Mari),[3] Jīluòfū - 基洛夫 (Mandarin Chinese*), Kiraŭ - Кіраў (Belarusian*), Kirov - Киров (Russian*),[KNAB] Kirov - Кіров (Ukrainian*), Kirow (Polish*), Kīrofu - キーロフ (Japanese*), Kolın - Колын (historic Tatar), Kylno - Кылно (historic Udmurt),[KNAB] Vatka - Ватка (historic Udmurt),[KNAB] Vätka - Вятка (historic Tatar), Vjatka - Вятка (historic Russian [1780–1934]),[KNAB] Vyatoka - ヴャトカ (historic Japanese*), Xlynov - Хлынов (historic Russian [ca. 1457–1780])[KNAB] |
| Sweden Kiruna | Giron (Northern Sami)*, Gierun (Lule Sami), Kieruna (Meänkieli), Kiiruna (Finnish)*, Kiruna (Swedish)*, Kiruna / K'iruna - 키루나 (Korean) |
| Austria Klagenfurt | Clagenfurth (historic German), Klagenfurt (German*, Dutch*, Romanian*), Clanfurt (Friulian*), Celovec (Czech*, Slovene*), Kurāgenfuruto - クラーゲンフルト (Japanese)*, Želanec (alternative Czech name)* |
| Lithuania Klaipėda | Klaipeda (Estonian*, Finnish*), K'laip'eda – კლაიპედა (Georgian*), Klaipėda (Lithuanian*, Romanian*), Klaipēda (Latvian)*, Klaipieda (Samogitian)*, Klajpeda (Belarusian)*, Kłajpeda (Polish)*, Meemel (former Estonian)*, Memel* and Memelburg* (German), Mēmele (former Latvian)* |
| Poland Kłodzko | Kłodzko (Polish), Kladsko (Czech and Slovak), Klodzkas (Lithuanian), Glatz (German), Glacium or Glacensis urbs (Latin) |
| Switzerland Klosters | Claustra (Romansh), Claustra-Sernaus (alternative Romansh), Klosters (German)*, 克洛斯達斯 (Chinese) |
| Slovakia Kolárovo | Guta (archaic Slovak), Gúta (Hungarian*), Gutta (archaic Hungarian), Kolarovas (Lithuanian*), Kolarovo (Serbo-Croatian*), Kolárovo (Slovak*), Kolārovo (Latvian*) |
| Slovenia Kobarid | Caporetto (Italian*, Romanian*), Cjaurêt (Friulian)*, Karfreit (German)*, Kobarid (Slovene)* |
| Finland Kokkola | Kokkola (Finnish), Karleby (Swedish), Gamlakarleby (old Swedish) |
| Germany Kolkwitz | Gołkojce (Lower Sorbian), Kolkwitz (Niederlausitz) (German)* |
| Ukraine Kolomyia | Colomeea (Romanian)*, Kilemey - קילעמײ (Yiddish)*, Kolomea (German)*, Kołomyja (Polish)*, Kolomyja - Коломия (Ukrainian)*, Kolomyja - Коломыя (Russian)* |
| Slovakia Komárno | Brigetio (archaic Latin), Comaromium (Latin), Comorra (alternative German), Komarnas (Lithuanian*), Komarno - Комарно (Bulgarian*), Komarno (Azerbaijani*), Komárno (Slovak*), Komārno (Latvian*), Komárom (Hungarian*), Komoran (Serbo-Croatian*), Komoran – Коморан (Serbain*), Komorn (German*), Öreg-komárom (alternative Hungarian), Révkomárom (alternative Hungarian) |
| Hungary Komárom | Brigetio (archaic Latin), Comaromium (Latin), Comorra (alternative German), Komárno (Slovak*), Komarom (Azerbaijani), Komárom (Hungarian*, Serbo-Croatian*), Komoran (Croatian*), Komarom – Комаром (Serbian*), Komorn (German*) |
| Greece Komotini | Gümülcine (Turkish)*, Komotini - Κομοτηνή (Greek)*, Gjumjurdžina – Гюмюрджина (Bulgarian)*, Comotena (Latin)* |
| Russia Kondopoga | Kondopoga - Кондопога (Russian)*, Kontupohja (Finnish)* |
| Germany Konstanz | Constance (French*, English variant*), Constança* / Constância* (Portuguese), Costanza (Italian)*, Konstanca (Serbian)*, Konstanca (Hungarian)*, Konstancja* / Konstanca* (Polish), Kostnice (Czech)*, Konstántza - Κωνστάντζα* / Konstandía - Κωνσταντία* (Greek), 康斯坦茨 (Chinese) |
| Germany Köpenick | Köpenick (German)*, Kopanica (Polish)*, Kopník (Czech)* |
| Slovenia Koper | Capodistria (Italian)*, Kopar (Croatian*, Serbian*), Koper (Slovene*, Hungarian *, Polish *), Cjaudistre (Friulian)* |
| Albania Korçë | Corizza (Italian)*, Görice (Turkish)*, Korča - Корча (Bulgarian)*, Korçë * / Korça* (Albanian), Koritsá - Κορυτσά (Greek)* |
| Belgium Kortrijk | Contrai (Aragonese*), Cortoriacum (Latin*), Cortrique (Spanish*), Courtrai (alternative English*, French*, Italian*, Galician*, Lombard* alternative Portuguese*), Courtray (alternative English*), Cortrai (Occitan*), Kortreika (Latvian*) Kortreikas (Lithuanian*), Kortrejko (Esperanto*), Kortreyk (Azerbaijani), Kortriek (Zeelandic*), Kortrijk (Afrikaans*, Dutch*, Portuguese*), Kortryk (West Flemish*) |
| Slovakia Košice | Cassovia or Caschovia (Latin)*, Caşovia (old Romanian)*, Kassa (Hungarian)*, Cassovie (French)*, Kaschau (German)*, Kasha (Romani)*, Kashòy - קאַשוי (Yiddish), Košice (Czech*, Romanian*, Serbian*, Slovak*), Kösice (Turkish), Košycy - Кошицы, Košicе - Кошице (Russian*), Košyсe, i.e. Koshytse - Ко́шице (Ukrainian*), Košyсi, i.e. Koshytsi - Ко́шиці (older Ukrainian variant*), Koszyce (Polish)*, קושיצה (Hebrew) |
| Kosovo Kosovo Polje | Amselfeld (German)*, Câmpia Mierlei (Romanian)*, Champ des merles (French)*, Fushë Kosova (Albanian)*, Kosova Ovası (Turkish), Kosovo Polje (Serbian*, Slovene), Kosowe Pole (Polish)*, Kosifopédhio - Κοσσυφοπέδιο (Greek)*, Merelveld (Afrikaans*, Dutch*), Rigómező (Hungarian, only in historic context)* |
| Montenegro Kotor | Cátaro (Portuguese)*, Cattaro (Italian)*, Kotor (Croatian*, Serbian*) |
| Ukraine Kovel | Kovel' - Ковель (Russian*, Ukrainian*), Kovl - קאָװל (Yiddish)*, Kowel (Polish)* |
| Greece Kozani | Kozani - Κοζάνη (Greek)*, Kožani - Кожани (Bulgarian)*, Cojani (Aromanian), Kozan (Turkish)* |
| Poland Kraków | Cracovia (Latin, Italian*, Romanian*, Spanish*), Cracòvia (Catalan*), Cracóvia (Portuguese)*, Cracovie (French*), Cracow (English)*, Keurakupeu / K'ŭrak'up'ŭ - 크라쿠프 (Korean), Krakaŭ - Кракаў (Belarusian)*, Kraká (Icelandic)*, Krakau (Afrikaans*, Dutch*, German*), Krakiv - Краків (Ukrainian)*, Krakkó (Hungarian)*, Krakov (Croatian*, Czech*, Slovak*, Slovene*, Turkish*), Krakov - Краков (Bulgarian*, Russian*, Serbian*), Krakova (Latvian*, Finnish*), Krakovía - Κρακοβία (Greek)*, Krakovja (Maltese), Krakovo (Esperanto)*, Krakow (English)*, Kraków (Polish*, Swedish*), Krākūf - كراكوف (Arabic*, Persian*), Kroke - קראָקע (Yiddish)*, Krokuva (Lithuanian)*, Kurakufu - クラクフ (Japanese)*, K'rak'ovi – კრაკოვი (Georgian)*, 克拉科夫 (Kèlākēfu) (Chinese)* |
| Slovakia Kráľovský Chlmec | Királyhelmec (Hungarian*), Kraljovski Hlmec (Serbo-Croatian*), Kraljovski Hlmec – Краљовски Хлмец (Serbian*), Krāļovski Hlmeca (Latvian*), Kráľovský Chlmec (Slovak*) |
| Slovakia Krásno nad Kysucou | Karásznó (Hungarian*), Krásno nad Kysucou (Slovak*), Krásno nad Kysucou – Красно над Кисуцоу (Serbian*), Krāsno pie Kisucas (Latvian*) |
| Slovakia Kremnica | Cremnicia (Latin*), Körmöcbánya (Hungarian*), Kremnica (Slovak*), Kremnjica (Serbo-Croatian*), Kremnjica – Кремњица (Serbian*), Kremnitsa (Azerbaijani*), Kremnitz (German*) |
| Sweden Kristianstad | Christianstad (Danish)*, Christianstadt (former German)*, Kristianstad (German*, Swedish*), Kristianstadas (Lithuanian)* |
| Finland Kristinestad | Christinae Stadh (former Swedish)*, Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish)*, Kristinestad (Swedish)*, Kristingrad - Кристинград (Serbian)*, Krinstianstad (Polish)* |
| Czech Republic Krnov | Carnovia (Latin)*, Jägerndorf (German)*, Karniów (former Polish)*, Krnov (Czech)*, Krnów (Polish)* |
| Slovakia Krompachy | Krombach (German*), Korompa (Hungarian*), Krompachy (Slovak*), Krompahi (Latvian*, Serbo-Croatian*), Krompahi – Кромпахи (Serbian*) |
| Ukraine Kropyvnytskyi | Kropõvnõtskõi (Estonian)*, Kropyvnyc’kyj – Кропивницький (Ukrainian)* |
| Slovakia Krupina | Karpfen (German*), Korpona (Hungarian*), Krupina (Slovak*), Krupina – Крупина (Serbian*) |
| Poland Kudowa-Zdrój | Bad Kudowa (German)*, Chudoba (Czech)*, Kudowa-Zdrój (Polish)* |
| North Macedonia Kumanovo | Kumanovo (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Kumanowo (Polish)* Kumanovo - Куманово (Macedonian) |
| Estonia Kuressaare | Arensburg (former German*, former Swedish*), Kuressaari (Finnish)* |
| Poland Kwidzyn | Kwidzyn (Polish)*, Marienwerder (German)* |
| Ukraine Kyiv | Chiu (old Romanian)[citation needed], Cív (Irish), Jīfǔ - 基辅 (simplified) 基輔 (traditional) (Chinese), Kænugarður (Icelandic)*, Kíiv or Kíev (Catalan), Kiefu - キエフ / Kīu - キーウ (Japanese)*, Kiëv (Dutch)*, Kiev (Interlingua, Italian*, Maltese, Portuguese*, Romanian*, Spanish*, Swedish*, Turkish*), Kiev - קיִעװ (Yiddish)*, Kijeŭ - Кіеў (Belarusian)*, K'ievi – კიევი (Georgian*), Kíevo - Κίεβο (Greek)*, Kiew (German)*, Kiiev (Estonian)*, Kijev (Croatian*, Hungarian*, Serbian*, Slovene*), Kijeva (Latvian)*, Kijevas (Lithuanian)*, Kiyev (Azeri)*, Kijów (Polish)*, Kiova (Finnish)*, Kiyepeu / K'iyep'ŭ - 키예프 (Korean), Kiyev - Киев (Russian)*, Kīyif - كييف (Arabic), Kyjev (Czech*, Slovak*), Kyyiv, Kyiv - Київ (Ukrainian*), Kiev - Киев (Macedonian*), Kiōvia (Latin), Qiyev - קייב (Hebrew)*, Quieve (Portuguese variant)* |
| United KingdomScotland Kyle of Lochalsh | Caol Loch Aillse (Scots Gaelic)*, Kayl Oyfn Loch (Yiddish) |
| Cyprus/Northern Cyprus Kyrenia | Cirénia / Cirênia (Portuguese)*, Girne (Turkish)*, Kerínia - Κερύνεια (Greek)* |
| Slovakia Kysucké Nové Mesto | Kischützneustadt (German*), Kisucke Nove Mestas (Lithuanian*), Kisucke Nove Mesto (Latvian*), Kiszucaújhely (Hungarian*), Kysucké Nové Mesto (Slovak*), Oberneustadl (alternative German) |
L
[edit | edit source]| English name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Italy L'Aquila | after 1939
Àquëlë or L'Aquila (Neapolitan*), Aquila or Aquilana civitas (Latin*), Áquila (Portuguese*), L'Àcuiła or Ł'Aquiła (Venetian*), L'Àgogia (Ligurian*), L'Akuila (Azerbaijani*), L'Akvila (Latvian*, Lithuanian*), Lakvila (Albanian*), L'Aquila (Italian*, Basque*, Breton*, Bosnian*, Catalan*, Croatian*, Czech*, Danish*, Dutch*, Estonian*, Finnish*, French*, Galician*, German*, Hungarian*, Irish*, Luxembourgish*, North Frisian*, Norwegian*, Norwegian Nynorsk*, Occitan*, Polish*, Romanian*, Scots*, Serbo-Croatian*, Slovak*, Slovenian*, Spanish*, Swedish*, Turkish*, Welsh*, West Frisian*), La-Aglo (Esperanto*), Λ' Άκουιλα (Greek*), Акуила (Bulgarian*), Л’Акуіла (Belarusian*), Л'Акуила (Chechen*, Kazakh*, Tatar*), Л’А́куила or Аквила or Акуила or Л’Аквила (Russian*, Sakha*), Л’Акуилæ (Ossetic*), Л’Аквила (Serbian*), L'Ákvila - Л'А́квіла or L'Ákujila - Л'А́куїла (Ukrainian*), Լ'Աքվիլա (Armenian*), L’ak'vila – ლ’აკვილა (Georgian*) between 1863 and 1939 Aquila degli Abruzzi (Italian*, Czech*, Norwegian*, Norwegian Nynorsk*, Slovak*), Aquila or Aquila Aprutiorum or Aquilia or Aquila in Vestinis or Aquilana civitas (Latin*), Áquila (Portuguese*), Akvila djel'i Adrucci - Аквила дельи Абруцци (Russian*) before 1863 Aquila (Italian*, Czech*, Norwegian*, Slovak*), Aquila or Aquilia or Aquila in Vestinis or Aquilana civitas or Avella or Avia or Furconia or Furconium (Latin*), Áquila (Portuguese*), Akvila - Аквила (Russian*) |
| Croatia Labin | Albona (Italian), Labin - Лабин (Croatian, Serbian, Russian) |
| Finland Lahti | Lahti (Estonian, Finnish, Romanian, Slovene, Polish), Laht'i – ლაჰტი (Georgian), Lahtis (Swedish) |
| Belarus Lakhva | Łachwa (Polish), Lahva – Лахва (Belarusian, Russian), לחווא (Hebrew), לאַכװע (Yiddish) |
| Belgium La Louvière | El Louviére (alternative Walloon*), El Lovire (Picard*, Walloon*), La Louvière (French*), Laluvjēra (Latvian*), La Luvjeras (Lithuanian*), Lovaria (alternative Latin*), Luparia (Latin*) |
| Finland Lappeenranta | Lappeenranta (Estonian, Finnish), Villmanstrand (Swedish) |
| Belgium La Roche-en-Ardenne | Fels im Ösling (alternative German*), La Roche-en-Ardenne (French*, German*, Luxembourgish*), Li Rotche (Walloon*), Rupes Ardennae (Latin), Welschenfels (alternative German*), Welsch Fiels (archaic Luxembourgish*) |
| Belgium Landen | Landae (Latin), Landen (Dutch*), Landenas (Lithuanian), Londe (Walloon) |
| Switzerland Lausanne | Lausana (Catalan, Portuguese*, Spanish*), Lausanne (Dutch*, French*, Finnish*, German*, Romanian*, Swedish*), Laŭzano (Esperanto)*, Losanen (former German)*, Losanna (Italian*, Romansh*), Lozan (Armenian, Turkish*), Lozana – ლოზანა (Georgian*), Lozana (Serbian), Lozáni – Λωζάνη (Greek)*, Lozanna (Latvian*, Polish*), Luzana (Slovene)*, Rojan - 로잔 (Korean)*, Rōzannu – ローザンヌ (Japanese)*, 洛桑 (Chinese)* |
| Poland Lębork | Lauenburg (German), Lębork (Polish), Lãbòrg (Kashubian) |
| Netherlands Leeuwarden | Leeuwarden (Dutch, Finnish, French, German), Liwwadden (Town Frisian), Ljouwert (West Frisian), Laiwert (Gronings) |
| Italy Leghorn | Liorna (Spanish), Livorno (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian), Livórno – Λιβόρνο (Greek), Livorno - ליוורנו or ליבורנו (Hebrew), Livourne (French) |
| Poland Legnica | Legnica (Polish), Lehnice (Czech), Liegnitz (Dutch, German) |
| United KingdomEngland Leicester | Caerlŷr (Welsh), Leicestria (Church Latin), L'sesteh (Yiddish), Ratae (Latin), لستر (Persian), Lestera (Latvian), 萊斯特 (Mandarin Chinese), 李斯特 (Cantonese), レスター (Japanese) |
| Netherlands Leiden | Leida (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Leiden (Dutch, German, Slovene), Lejda (Polish), Leien (West Frisian), Leyde (French), Leyden (variant in English), Lugdunum Batavorum (Latin*) Reiden – 레이덴 (Korean), 莱頓 (Chinese) |
| Germany Leipzig | Laiptsigi – ლაიფციგი (Georgian*), Lajpcig (Serbian), Lajpcyg – Ляйбцыґ (Belarusian), Leipciga (Latvian), Leipcigas (Lithuanian), Leipsic (older English), Leipsick (former French), Leipzig (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Lejpcigo (Esperanto), Lepsiko (Esperanto) Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsca (old Romanian), Lipsía – Λειψία (Greek), Lipsia (Italian, Latin, Old Castillian*), Lípsia (Portuguese), Lipsk (Lower Sorbian, Polish), Lipsko (Czech, Slovak), Raipeuchihi / Raip'ŭch'ihi – 라이프치히 (Korean), 萊比錫 (Chinese), Raiputsihi – ライプツィヒ (Japanese)* |
| Slovakia Leopoldov | Leopold-Neustadtl (alternative German), Leopold Mestičko (archaic Slovak), Leopoldstadt (German*), Leopoldov (Slovak*), Leopoldova (Latvian*), Lipótvár (alternative Hungarian), Újvároska (Hungarian*) |
| Belgium Le Rœulx | El Rû (Picard, Walloon*), Le Rœulx (French*), Rodium (Latin) |
| Belgium Lessines | Lessen (Dutch*, Limburgish*, Zeelandic*), Lessin (Azerbaijani), Lessines (French*), Lessinia (Latin*), Lissene (Picard*, Walloon*) |
| Belgium Leuven | Lēfen (Anglo-Saxon*), Leuven (Afrikaans*, Dutch*, Finnish*), Leuve (Limburgish*), Lēvena (Latvian*), Levenas (Lithuanian*), Louvain (alternative English*, French*), Lováin (Irish*), Lovaina (Basque*, Catalan*, Galician, Occitan*, Portuguese*, Spanish*, Venetian), Lovaň (Czech*), Lovanio (Italian*), Loveno (Esperanto*), Löwen (German*), Lööwen (Northern Frisian*), Louvéni – Λέβεν (Greek*), Vî-Lovén (Walloon*), Léiwen (Luxembourgish*), Lovanium (Latin*), Lowanium (Polish*), 鲁汶 (Chinese*) |
| Belgium Leuze-en-Hainaut | Leuze-e-Hinnot (Walloon*), Leuze-en-Hainaut (French*), Leuze-in-Hénau (Picard*), Lutosa (Latin) |
| Slovakia Levice | Léva (Hungarian*), Leve (Turkish*), Levice (Slovak*), Levicė (Lithuanian*), Lеvitsе (Azerbaijani*), Lewenz (German*), Ljevice (Serbo-Croatian*), Ljevice – Љевице (Serbian*) |
| Slovakia Levoča | Lőcse (Hungarian*), Leutschau (German*), Leutsovia (Latin), Levoča (Slovak*), Levoça (Azerbaijani*), Lewocza (Polish*), Ljevoča – Љевоча (Serbian*) |
| Albania Lezhë | Lezhë / Lezha (Albanian), Alessio (Italian), Lješ Љеш (Serbian, Montenegrin) |
| Czech Republic Liberec | Reichenberg (German) |
| Belgium Libramont-Chevigny | Libråmont (Walloon*), Libramont-Chevigny (French*) |
| Belgium Liège | Liège (French, Hungarian, Swedish), Lîdje / Lîdge (Walloon), Léck (Luxembourgish), Lēodic (Anglo-Saxon*), Leodium (Latin), L'ež – Льеж (Russian), Liege (Finnish, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Liége (former French, Portuguese), Liegi (Italian), Lieĝo (Esperanto), Lieja (Catalan, archaic Portuguese, Spanish), Λιέγη (Greek), Liež – Лиеж (Bulgarian), Liež - Лиеж (Serbian), Lježa (Latvian), Lježas (Lithuanian), Liezhi – ლიეჟი (Georgian*), Luik (Afrikaans, Dutch), Lutych (Czech), Lüttich (German), Luuk (Limburgish), Rieju – 리에주 (Korean), ولييج (Arabic), ליאז (Hebrew), Riēju – リエージュ (Japanese)*, 列日 (Chinese)* |
| Latvia Liepāja | Lėipuojė (Samogitian)*, Lepai (Veps)*, Libau (German),[KNAB] Libav (historic Veps), Libava – Либава (historic Russian),[KNAB] Libava – Лібава (historic Belaussian, historic Ukrainian), Libave – ליבאַװע (Yiddish), Liepai (alternative Veps), Liep'aia – ლიეპაია (Georgian*), Liepāja (Estonian*, Finnish*, Latvian*,[KNAB] Romanian*), Liepaja - Лиепая (Russian)*,[KNAB] Liepaja - Ліепая (Belarusian)*, Lijepaja - Лієпая (Ukrainian)*, Līepõ (Livonian),[KNAB] Liepoja (Lithuanian)*,[KNAB] Liibavi (historic Estonian),[KNAB] Liibo (Estonian variant),[KNAB] Liibu (Estonian variant),[KNAB] Liibuse (Estonian variant),[KNAB] Liipavi (Estonian variant),[KNAB] Lipawa (Polish)*,[KNAB] Līpuoja (Latgalian), Lìyēpàyà - 利耶帕亞 (Mandarin Chinese)*, Riepāya - リエパーヤ (Japanese)*
|
| Belgium Lier | Lier (Dutch*), Lierre (French*, Occitan*), Lire (Latvian*), Lyras (Lithuanian*) |
| France Lille | Lila (Portuguese, rare)*, Lille (French, Finnish, German, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian), Rijsel (Dutch), Lil (Serbian), Lilla (Catalan, Italian), Lillo (Esperanto), Ryssel (former German), Λίλλη (Greek), 里爾 (Chinese), Lili – ლილი (Georgian*), Ril - 릴 (Korean)* |
| France Limoges | Lemòtges / Limòtges (Occitan), Llemotges (Catalan)*, Limož (Serbian), 列摩日 (Chinese) |
| Cyprus Limassol | Lemesos – Λεμεσός (Greek), Leymosun (obsolete Turkish), Limasol (Turkish), Limisso (Venetian/Italian) |
| Belgium Limbourg | Limbôr (Walloon*), Limbourg (French*), Limburgum (Latin), Limburg (Dutch*, Limburgish*, Zeelandic*), Limburgo (Galician, Italian*, Spanish*) |
| Republic of Ireland Limerick | Limeriko (Esperanto), Luimneach (Irish), Luimneach (Scottish Gaelic)*, 利默里克 (Chinese) |
| United KingdomEngland Lincoln | Lindum or Lindum Colonia (Latin), Linkolnas (Lithuanian), Linkolna (Latvian), Ringikana (Māori) |
| Sweden Linköping | Lincopia (Latin), Lincopinga (Portuguese, rare)*, Linköping (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), 林雪平 (Chinese) |
| Austria Linz | Lentia (Latin), Linca (Latvian), Líncia (Portuguese)*, Linec (Czech), Lintsi – ლინცი (Georgian*), Linz (Catalan, German, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene), Rincheu / Rinch'ŭ – 린츠 (Korean), 林茨 (Chinese) |
| Slovakia Lipany | Lipany (Slovak*), Lipani (Latvian*, Serbo-Croatian*), Lipani – Липани (Serbian*), Septemtiliae (Latin), Siebenlinden (German*), Héthárs (Hungarian*) |
| Slovakia Liptovský Hrádok | Liptau-Hradek (alternative German), Liptóújvár (Hungarian*), Liptovski Hrādoka (Latvian*), Liptovský Hrádok (Slovak*), Liptowski Gródek (Polish*), Neuhäusel in der Liptau (German*) |
| Slovakia Liptovský Mikuláš | Liptau-Sankt-Nikolaus (German*), Liptószentmiklós (Hungarian*), Liptovski Mikulaš (Serbo-Croatian*), Liptovski Mikulaš – Липтовски Микулаш (Serbian*), Liptovski Mikulaş (Azerbaijani*), Liptowski Mikułasz (Polish*), Liptovský Mikuláš (Slovak*), Liptovski Mikulāša (Latvian*), Liptovsky Mikulašas (Lithuanian*), Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš (archaic Slovak), Sankt Nikolaus in der Liptau (alternative German) |
| Portugal Lisbon | Liospóin (Irish), Lisabon (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak), Lisabona (Latvian, Lithuanian, Romanian), Lisaboni – ლისაბონი (Georgian*), Lisban - ලිස්බන් (Sinhala), Lisboa (Catalan*, Ladino, Portuguese, Spanish, Tagalog*, Norwegian), Lisbona (Italian, Maltese), Lisbonne (French), Lisbono (Esperanto), Lišbūna, Lashbuna, Lishbuna, Ushbuna, al-Ushbuni (Arabic),[4] Lissabon (Azeri, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavóna – Λισσαβώνα (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Armenian, Turkish), Lizbona (Polish, Slovene), Riseubon / Risŭbon – 리스본 (Korean), Risubon – リスボン (Japanese)*, Ushbune (old Arabic), Lǐsīběn – 里斯本 (Chinese), ليسبون (Persian), Olisīpō (Latin), Olissipōn - Ὀλισσιπών (Ancient Greek) Wliksybama / Vvlixibama (Old Frisian) |
| United KingdomEngland Liverpool | Learpholl (Irish), Lerphoyll (Manx), Lerpwl (Welsh), Liverpul (Portuguese, rare)*, Liverpūle (Latvian), Liverpulis (Lithuanian), Liverpulo (Esperanto), Llynlleifiad (former Welsh), Poll a' Ghrùthain (Scottish Gaelic)*, Ribapūru – リバプール (Japanese)*, Ribeopul / Ribŏp'ul – 리버풀 (Korean), 利物浦 (Chinese), ليورپول (Persian), Liverp'uli – ლივერპული (Georgian*), Libharpul – লিভারপুল (Bengali), |
| Slovenia Ljubljana | Laibach (German), Liubliana (Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Lublanë (Albanian), Liublijana (Lithuanian), Liúibleána (Irish), Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Ljubljana (Catalan, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, French, Hungarian, Maltese, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Ljubljana – Љубљана (Macedonian, Serbian), Lubiana (Italian), Lubjanë (Albanian), Lyublyana (Azeri), Lublaň (Czech), Ļubļana (Latvian), Lublana (Polish), Ľubľana (Slovak), Lubliyana (Turkish), Lioubliána – Λιουμπλιάνα (Greek), Liubliana – Люблянa (Russian), Ryubeullyana / Ryubŭllyana - 류블랴나 (Korean)*, Ryuburyana – リュブリャナ (Japanese)*, 盧布爾雅那 (Chinese)*, Liubliana – ლიუბლიანა (Georgian*), Liubliyana – লিউব্লিয়ানা (Bengali), |
| Spain Lleida | Ilerda (Latin), Iltirda / Ildirda (Iberian), Larida (Arabic), Leida (Aragonese), Ļeida (Latvian), Lerida (Italian, Romanian), Lérida (French, Portuguese, Spanish), Lhèida (Occitan), Lleida (Catalan, Finnish) |
| Germany Löbau | Löbau (German), Lubij (Upper Sorbian), Lubiniec (Polish) |
| Poland Łódź | Lodsch (German variant), Łódź (Polish), Lodz (German variant), former name:Litzmannstadt (German, 1940–1945), Lodzh - לאדזש (Yiddish), Lodzi – ლოძი (Georgian*), Lodzia (Latin), Lodž, (Slovene), 罗兹 (Chinese) |
| Belgium Lokeren | Lokern (Zeelandic*), Lokeren (Dutch*), Lokerena (Latvian*), Lokerenas (Lithuanian*) |
| Belgium Lommel | Lomela (Latvian*), Lomelis (Lithuanian*), Lommel (Dutch*) |
| United KingdomEngland London | Landan - ලන්ඩන් (Sinhala), (Llundain (Welsh), Londër (Albanian), Londain (Irish), London (Azeri, Hungarian), Londan – Лёндан (Belarusian), Londe (Limburgish), Londen (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian), Londhíno – Λονδίνο (Greek), Londinium (Latin), Londona (Latvian), Londonas (Lithuanian), Londono (Esperanto), London (German), Londoni – ლონდონი (Georgian*), Londra (Albanian, Italian, Maltese, Romanian, Romansh, Turkish), Londres (Catalan, French, Ladino, Portuguese, Spanish, Tagalog*), Londrez (Breton), Londyn (Polish), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Lontoo (Finnish), Loundres (Cornish), Luân Đôn (Vietnamese), Lundenwic (Anglo-Saxon), Lúndūn – 伦敦 (simplified) 倫敦 (traditional) (Chinese), Lundúnir (Icelandic), Lunnainn (Scottish Gaelic), Lunnin (Manx), Reondeon / Rŏndŏn – 런던 (Korean), Rondon – ロンドン (Japanese)*, لندن (Arabic, Persian, Urdu), Lontuni (tswana, sotho, zulu), London - Лондон (Bulgaria) |
| United KingdomLondonderry | see Derry |
| France Longwy | Longwy (French), Langich (German), Lonkech or Lonkesch (Luxembourgish) |
| France Lourdes | Lorda (Catalan, Occitan), Lourde (Provençal), Lourdes (French, Finnish, Irish, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian), Lurda (Basque), Lurdes (Portuguese variant)*, Lurds - ලූර්ඩ්ස් (Sinhala), Lurdy (Czech), Lourdē - Λούρδη (Greek – καθαρεύουσα) |
| Belgium Lo-Reninge | Loa et Rinenga (Latin), Loo-Reninghe (alternative French*), Lo-Renienge (Zeelandic*), Lo-Rênienge (West Flemish*), Lo-Reninge (Dutch*, French*) |
| Germany Lübben | Lübben (German), Lubin (Lower Sorbian, Polish) |
| Germany Lübbenau | Lübbenau (German), Lubnjow (Lower Sorbian) |
| Germany Lübeck | Libek (Serbian), Lībeka (Latvian), Liubekas (Lithuanian), Lubecca (Italian), Lübeck (French, German, Low Saxon, Romanian, Swedish), Lubek (Czech), Lubeka (Polish), Lubeque (Portuguese), Lüübek (Estonian), Lyypekki (Finnish), Λυβέκη (Greek – καθαρεύουσα), Liubice (old Slavic name)*, Lybæk (former Danish), Rwibekeu / Rwibek'ŭ – 뤼베크 (Korean), 呂貝克 (Chinese) |
| Poland Lublin | Civitas Lublinensis (Latin), Liublinas (Lithuanian), Ljublin – Люблин (Bulgarian, Russian), Lublin – Лублин (Macedonian), Lublino (Italian), Ļubļina (Latvian), Люблін (Belarusian, Ukrainian), לובלין (Hebrew), Ruburin – ルブリン (Japanese)*, 盧布林 (Chinese) |
| Italy Lucca | Luca (Portuguese), Lucca (Catalan, Dutch, German, Italian, Romanian), Lucques (French), Luka – Лука (Bulgarian), Lukka (Polish) |
| Slovakia Lučenec | Lashantz – לאשאנץ (Yiddish*), Lizenz (German*), Losonc (Hungarian*), Lučenec (Slovak*), Lučeneca (Latvian*), Lučenecas (Lithuanian*), Luçеnеts (Azerbaijani*), Lučenjec (Serbo-Croatian*), Lučenjec – Лучењец (Serbian*), Łuczeniec (Polish*), Lutetia Hungarorum (Latin) |
| Switzerland Lucerne | Liucerna (Lithuanian), Lucern (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Lucerna (Italian, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Lucerne (French), Lukérni – Λουκέρνη (Greek), Luzern (Afrikaans, Dutch, Finnish, German, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Luzerna (Basque, Catalan), Ruchereun / Ruch'erŭn – 루체른 (Korean) |
| Switzerland Lugano | Lügan (Lombard), Lauis (old German), Ligiaun (Romansh), Lugano (Catalan, French, German, Italian, Maltese, Spanish, Portuguese*), Rugano – 루가노 (Korean) |
| Ukraine Luhansk | Lugansk – Луганск (Russian)*, Luhansk'i – ლუჰანსკი (Georgian*), Voroshilovgrad (1935–1958, 1970–1990) |
| Romania Lugoj | Logoş (Turkish), Lugoj (French*, Italian*, Romanian*), Lugos (Hungarian)*, Lugoš – Лугош or Lugož – Лугож (Serbian)*, Lugosch (German)*, Lugozh – Лугож (Russian)* |
| Sweden Luleå | Julevu (Lule Sami), Liuleo (Lithuanian*), Louléo – Λουλέο (Greek*), Lula (Latin*), Luleå (Swedish*), Lulėja (alternative Lithuanian), Luleju (Northern Sami*), Luleo (Azerbaijani*) – Лулео (Macedonian*, Russian*, Serbian*, Ukrainian*), Lūleo (Latvian*), Luulaja (Finnish*, Meänkieli), Lüvllege (Ume Sami), Rureo – ルレオ (Japanese*) |
| Sweden Lund | Lund (Danish, French, German, Swedish), Lunda (Latin, Latvian), 隆德 (Chinese), Lundur (Icelandic) |
| Germany Lüneburg | Lüneburch (Low Saxon), Lunebourg (French), Lüneburg (German, Romanian), Luneburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Lunenburg (Dutch, variant in English), 呂內堡 (Chinese) |
| Ukraine Lutsk | Luckas (Lithuanian), Lucjk – Луцьк (Ukrainian), Luţk (Romanian), Luc'k (Italian), Łuck (Polish) Luzk (German) |
| Luxembourg Luxembourg | Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Liuksemburgas (Lithuanian), Ljuksemburg – Люксембург (Bulgarian, Russian), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian), Lucemburk (Czech), Lucsamburg (Irish, Scottish Gaelic), Lục Xâm Bảo (Vietnamese), Luksemboarch (Frisian), Luksemburg – Люксэмбурґ(Belarusian), Luksemburg (Croatian, Polish, Serbian, Slovene), Luksemburg - Луксембург (Macedonian), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Luksemburga (Latvian), Luksemburgi – ლუქსემბურგი (Georgian*), Luksemburgo (Esperanto, Ladino), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lussemburgu (Maltese), Lussimbork (Walloon), Lützelburg (former German), Luxemborg / Luxembourg / Luxemburg (Danish), Luxembourg (Estonian, French, Hungarian), Lúxemborg (Icelandic), Luxemburg (Afrikaans, Basque variant, Catalan, Dutch, English variant, Finnish, German, Romanian, Slovak, Swedish), Luxemburgia (Latin variant), Luxemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Luxemburgum (Latin), Luxemvúrgho – Λουξεμβούργο (Greek), Luxenburgo (Basque), Lwcsembwrg (Welsh), Ruksembureukeu / Ruksemburŭk'ŭ – 룩셈부르크 (Korean), Rukusemburuku – ルクセンブルク (Japanese)*, 盧森堡 (Chinese), লাক্সেমবার্গ - Lakshembarg' (Bengali) |
| Ukraine Lviv | Lwów (Polish), İlbav (Crimean Tatar), Ilov (Armenian), Ilyvó (old Hungarian), Lavov (Croatian, Serbian), Lemberg or Leopoldstadt (archaic) (German, former Hungarian), Lemberg – לעמבערג or Lemberik – לעמבעריק (Yiddish), Leópolis – Λεόπολις (Greek – καθαρεύουσα), Léopol (French), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Leópolis (Spanish, Portuguese*), Levov – לבוב (Hebrew), Liov (Romanian), Lìwòfū – 利沃夫 (Chinese (China)), Liweifu - 利維夫 (Chinese (Taiwan)), Lvoŭ – Львоў (Belarusian), Lvov (Czech, Slovene), Lvovas (Lithuanian), L'viv – Львів (Ukrainian), Lvivi – ლვივი (Georgian*), L'vov – Львов (Russian), Ľvov (Slovak), Ļvova, Ļviva (Latvian), Ribiu - 리비우 (Korean)*, Riviu - リヴィウ(Japanese) |
| Sweden Lycksele | Liksjoe, (Southern Sami), Lïkssjuo (Northern Sami*, Ume Sami), Lycksele (Swedish*) |
| France Lyon | León de Francia (former Spanish), Lião (Portuguese, rare)*, 里昂 (Chinese), Lionas (Lithuanian), Lió (Catalan), Lión – Λυών (Greek), Λούγδουνον (Greek – καθαρεύουσα), Liona (Latvian), Lione (Italian), Liono (Esperanto), Lion (Azeri, Serbian), Lioni – ლიონი (Georgian*), Liyon (Arpitan, Turkish), Ludgun or Lwów francuski (former Polish), Lugdunum or Lugudunum (Latin), Lyon (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Slovene), Lyón (Spanish), Lyons (former English), Riong – 리옹 (Korean), Riyon – リヨン (Japanese)* |
References
[edit | edit source]- [KNAB] Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Ӱпы̆марий (В. М. Васильев). Марий мутэр. Турлӧ вэрэ илы̆ше марийы̆н мутшы̆м таҥастарэн нэргэлы̆мэ кнага. СССР Калы̆к-влак Рӱдӧ Савы̆кты̆ш. Моско — 1926 (in Meadow Mari)
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).