Munka language
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| Munka | |
|---|---|
| Bamunka | |
| Ŋgieməkɔʼkə | |
| Native to | Cameroon |
Native speakers | 31,000 (2008)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bvm |
| Glottolog | bamu1256 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
The Bamunka language, Ŋgieməkɔʼkə Bamunka pronunciation: [ˈŋgiěꜜmə́ˌkɔ̀ʔkə̌],[2] is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon.
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Consonants
[edit | edit source]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate |
Voiceless | /t/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /k/ | /k͡p/ | /ʔ/ | |
| Voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /d͡ʒ/ | /g/ | |||
| Fricative | Voiceless | /f/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | |||
| Voiced | /v/ | /ʒ/ | /ɣ/ | ||||
| Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | |||
| Approximant | /l/ | /j/ | /w/ | ||||
- /b/ and /m/ are bilabial, whereas /f/ and /v/ are labiodental.
- /ɲ/ and /j/ are palatal, whereas /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/, /ʃ/, and /ʒ/ are post-alveolar.
Vowels
[edit | edit source]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /i/ | /ɨ/ | /u/ |
| Mid-close | /e/ | /ə/ | /o/ |
| Mid-open | /ɛ/ | /ɔ/ | |
| Open | /a/ |
Tones
[edit | edit source]In addition, Munka has five phonemic tones: three level tones (high, mid, and low) and two contour tones (rising, and falling).[3]
Orthography
[edit | edit source]Ngeloh Takwe proposed this orthography in her post-graduate diploma dissertation in 2002.[3]
| Letters | a | b | c | d | e | ɛ | ə | f | gh | g | h | ɨ | j | k | kp | l | m | n | ny | ŋ | o | ɔ | s | sh | t | u | v | w | y | zh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | /a/ | /b/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /d/ | /e/ | /ɛ/ | /ə/ | /f/ | /ɣ/ | /g/ | /ʔ/ | /ɨ/ | /d͡ʒ/ | /k/ | /k͡p/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | /o/ | /ɔ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /u/ | /v/ | /w/ | /j/ | /ʒ/ |
References
[edit | edit source]Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
