Coordinates: 00°22′48″S 100°28′27″E / 0.38000°S 100.47417°E / -0.38000; 100.47417

Mount Marapi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the mountain in West Sumatra; it is not to be confused with Mount Merapi.
Marapi
Marapi in 2017
Highest point
Elevation2,891 m (9,485 ft)[1]
Prominence2,116 m (6,942 ft)
ListingUltra
Ribu
CoordinatesLua error in Module:Coordinates at line 489: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).[1]
Geography
Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 411: Malformed coordinates value.
Parent rangeBarisan Mountains
Geology
Mountain typeComplex volcano
Volcanic arcSunda Arc
Last eruption04 January 2025
Mount Marapi and Bukittinggi

The Marapi (Jawi: ماراڤي), or Mount Marapi (Indonesian: Gunung Marapi, Minangkabau: Gunuang Marapi, Jawi: ڬونوواڠ ماراڤي), is a complex volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia, and is the most active volcano in Sumatra. Like that of its quasi-homonym on Java, its name means "Mountain of Fire". Its elevation is 2,885 metres (9,465.2 ft). Several cities and towns are situated around the mountain including Bukittinggi, Padang Panjang, and Batusangkar. The volcano is also popular among hikers.[2]

Mythology

[edit | edit source]

According to legend, the mountain is the site first settled by the Minangkabau people after their ship landed on the mountain when it was the size of an egg and surrounded by water.[3] There are large numbers of upright burial stones in the region which are oriented in the direction of the mountain, indicating its cultural significance.[4][5]

Eruptions

[edit | edit source]

The volcano has a known history of eruptions. Marapi underwent a significant eruption in September 1830. In January 1975 an eruption occurred with mudflows and lahars that caused fatalities in the surrounding area. A significant eruption occurred in 1979,[6] which killed 60 people.[7] At least one person was killed during an eruption in 1996.[8] In April–May 2018 ashfalls to the southeast occurred.[9]

Since 2011, the volcano has been at the second level of a four-tier alert system set up by the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia.[10] Predicting the volcano's behavior is described as difficult as the source of its sudden eruptions are shallow and near its peak, while its eruptions are not caused by a deep movement of magma that can be detected as volcanic earthquakes on seismic monitors. Nevertheless, there are about 1,400 people living on its slopes in the villages of Rubai and Gobah Cumantiang, about 5 to 6 kilometers from the summit.[11]

2023 eruption

[edit | edit source]
Main article: 2023 eruption of Mount Marapi

On 3 December 2023, the volcano erupted, leaving 23 climbers dead.[12] Three people were injured and rescued.[13] The ash reached to a height of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) and fell in nearby regions. A three-kilometre (1.9-mile) exclusion zone was announced.[14][15] The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation stated that the eruption occurred suddenly. At the time, there had been no recorded increase in seismic activity since the beginning of 2023.[16]

On 22 December, the volcano erupted again, emitting volcanic ash that forced the cancellation of flights at Minangkabau International Airport.[17]

As of January 2024, at least 113 eruptions have occurred on Marapi since its initial activity in December,[18] with the latest eruption occurring on 23 January.[19] Ash has risen at least 1300 meters into the air and residents within a radius of 4.5 kilometers have been urged to evacuate their homes.[20]

At 12:13 a.m. local time on 27 March, Marapi erupted again, emitting a volcanic ash column with a height of 1.5 kilometers.[21] Flights at Minangkabau International Airport were cancelled again due to the eruption.[22]

2025 eruption

[edit | edit source]

At 9:43 a.m. local time on 04 January, Marapi erupted, emitting a volcanic ash column with a height of 1 kilometers.[23]

Throughout July 2025, Mount Marapi has experienced seven eruptions and eleven ash emissions. Eruptions occurred on July 6 (once), July 11 (twice), July 14 (twice), July 15 (once), and July 16 (once). Of the seven eruptions, only the one on Wednesday, July 16, 2025, at 10:42 AM local time had its eruption height observed, reaching an ash column approximately 1.2 kilometers above the summit. The other eruptions were not visible due to being obscured by fog.[16]

Lahar flows

[edit | edit source]

On 11 May 2024, heavy rain triggered mudslides and lahar flows from the volcano, killing at least 67 people and leaving 20 others missing.[24]

See also

[edit | edit source]

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  8. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  9. ^ Global Volcanism Program, 2018. Report on Marapi (Indonesia) (Venzke, E., ed.). Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, 43:6. Smithsonian Institution. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN201806-261140 Archived 2023-12-05 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  11. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  12. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  13. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  15. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ^ a b JOL (17 Juli 2025) "Marapi Erupsi Lagi" Kompas. hal 11
  17. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  18. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  19. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  20. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  21. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  22. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  23. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  24. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
[edit | edit source]

Lua error in Module:Authority_control at line 153: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).

Retrieved from "http://70.231.62.181/index.php?title=Mount_Marapi&oldid=11140293"