Mwesen language
| Mwesen | |
|---|---|
| Mosina | |
| M̄ēsēn | |
| Pronunciation | [ŋ͡mʷɪˈsɪn] |
| Native to | Vanuatu |
| Region | Vanua Lava |
Native speakers | 10 (2012)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | msn (shared with Vurës) |
| Glottolog | vure1239 Vurës |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| File:Lang Status 20-CR.svg Mwesen is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
Mwesen (formerly known by its Mota name Mosina) is an Oceanic language spoken in the southeastern area of Vanua Lava Island, in the Banks Islands of northern Vanuatu, by about 10 speakers.[1]
Mwesen shows many similarities with the island's dominant language Vurës, to such an extent that they have sometimes been considered dialects of a single language. However, studies have shown that Mwesen and Vurës have various dissimilarities, e.g. in their vowel systems,[2] in their noun articles,[3] in their pronoun paradigms.[4]
Name
[edit | edit source]The name Mwesen is originally the name of a village, in the eastern part of Vanua Lava;[5] it is spelled M̄ēsēn [ŋ͡mʷɪˈsɪn] both in Mwesen itself, and in neighbouring Vurës. The village is known as Am̄sēn [aŋ͡mʷˈsɪn] (with locative prefix a-) in Mwotlap, and as M̄osina [ŋ͡mʷosina] (modern: M̄osna [ŋ͡mʷosna]) in Mota. All these different names are derived from a Proto-Torres-Banks form *mʷosina.
The old Mota name M̄osina was the source of Mosina, one of the names which was occasionally given, in English, to the Mwesen language (sometimes encompassing Mwesen together with Vurës).[6]
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Mwesen has 7 phonemic vowels. These are all short monophthongs /i ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ u/:[2]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i ⟨i⟩ | u ⟨u⟩ |
| Near-close | ɪ ⟨ē⟩ | ʊ ⟨ō⟩ |
| Open-mid | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | ɔ ⟨o⟩ |
| Open | a ⟨a⟩ | |
Grammar
[edit | edit source]The system of personal pronouns in Mwesen contrasts clusivity, and distinguishes four numbers (singular, dual, trial, plural).[4]
Spatial reference in Mwesen is based on a system of geocentric (absolute) directionals, which is in part typical of Oceanic languages, in part innovative.[7]
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b François (2012): 88).
- ^ a b François (2005:446), François (2011:194)
- ^ François (2007).
- ^ a b François (2009), François (2016).
- ^ Satellite view of Mwesen.
- ^ For instance, the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database has a lexical list of Mwesen under the heading “Vurës (Mosina)” ‒ based on Tryon (1976).
- ^ François (2015:169–170).
Bibliography
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Audio recordings in the Mwesen language, in open access, by A. François (source: Pangloss Collection of CNRS)
- Kpwet, the Trickster God: A story in Mwesen, presented in trilingual format (by A. François)
