Mogroside
A mogroside is a triterpene glycoside of cucurbitane derivatives found in certain plants, such as the fruit of the gourd vine Siraitia grosvenorii (known as monkfruit or luohan guo).[1][2] Mogrosides are extracted from S. grosvenorii and used in the manufacture of sugar substitutes.[1][2]
Mogrosides
[edit | edit source]
Mogrosides include:[1][2][failed verification][citation needed]
- Mogrol
- Mogroside II A1
- Mogroside II B
- 7-Oxomogroside II E
- 11-Oxomogroside A1
- Mogroside III A2
- 11-Deoxymogroside III
- 11-Oxomogroside IV A
- Mogroside V
- 7-Oxomogroside V
- 11-Oxo-mogroside V
- Mogroside VI
- Siamenoside I
The total content of mogrosides in Siraitia grosvenorii fruit is 3.8% with Mogroside V having the highest content (0.8% to 1.3% w/w).[3]
Biosynthesis
[edit | edit source]One analysis of 200 candidate genes of Siraitia grosvenorii revealed five enzyme families involved in the synthesis of mogroside V: squalene epoxidases, triterpenoid synthases, epoxide hydrolases, cytochrome P450s, and UDP-glucosyltransferases.[1] The metabolic pathway for mogroside biosynthesis involves an initial stage of fruit development when squalene is metabolized to di-glucosylated, tetra-hydroxycucurbitadienols, then during fruit maturation, branched glucosyl groups are added and catalyzed, leading to the sweet M4, M5, and M6 mogrosides.[1]
Stability
[edit | edit source]Mogroside V appears to be heat stable in the range of 100 to 150 degrees Celsius for 4 hours and up to 8 hours in boiling water. It is stable at a pH of between 3 and 12 when stored from 2 to 8 degrees Celsius.[4]
Uses
[edit | edit source]Some mogrosides are used in traditional Chinese medicine[2] and some are extracted for manufacturing as sweeteners.[1] Mogroside V extract from S. grosvenorii fruit is 250 times sweeter than sucrose,[1] sold commercially in Norbu (sweetener).
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b c d e f g Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b c d Subhuti Dharmananda (January 2004), "Luo han guo - Sweet fruit used as sugar substitute and medicinal herb". Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
