Modelo Formation
| Modelo Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Late Miocene, | |
| Type | Formation |
| Unit of | Los Angeles Basin |
| Underlies | Pico Formation |
| Overlies | Rincon Shale |
| Thickness | 600 metres (2,000 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Shale |
| Location | |
| Region | Los Angeles County and Ventura County, California |
| Country | United States |
| Extent | Simi Hills, Santa Susana Mountains |
The Modelo Formation is a Miocene geologic formation in the Simi Hills and western Santa Susana Mountains of southern California, including under parts of Los Angeles.
It preserves fossils dating back to the Late Miocene of the Neogene period, among them a high number of fossil representatives of modern pelagic and deep-sea fish taxa (as well as some with benthic affinities), in addition to some seabirds and cetaceans. As suggested from this fauna, the sediments of the formation were likely deposited in a deepwater marine habitat at middle to upper bathyal depths within an abyssal fan, with geological changes along the San Andreas fault causing a rapid uplift during the latest Miocene, bringing these former deepwater sediments to the surface.[1] It is likely partially contemporaneous with the Monterey Formation in some areas, such as the Ventura Basin.[2]
Volcanic ash beds are known from the formation; these, along with fossil microorganisms, indicate that the formation was deposited between 13 and 5.5 million years ago.[3]
Paleobiota
[edit | edit source]Based on the Paleobiology Database and Fierstine et al (2012). Much of the fauna is shared with the Monterey Formation, though some distinct taxa are also known:[4][5]
Bony fish
[edit | edit source]Based on Fierstine et al (2012). Many of these taxa were described by David Starr Jordan from specimens excavated during the construction of the Sepulveda Boulevard Tunnel through the Santa Monica Mountains.[5]
| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absalomichthys | A. velifer | Articulated skeletons | A manefish. | File:Absalomichthys velifer.jpg | ||
| Araeosteus | A. rothi | Articulated skeletons | A relative of the prowfish. | |||
| Argyropelecus | A. bullockii | Articulated skeletons | A marine hatchetfish. | File:Argyropelecus olfersii1.jpg | ||
| Bathylagus | B. angelensis | Articulated skeletons | A deep-sea smelt. | File:Bathylagus euryops 46786071731.jpg | ||
| Bolinichthys | B. sp. | Articulated skeletons | A lanternfish.[6] | File:Bolinichthys photothorax.jpg | ||
| Chalcidichthys | C. malacopterygius | Articulated skeletons | A manefish. | File:Chalcidichthys malacapterygius.jpg | ||
| Chauliodus | C. eximius | Articulated skeletons | A viperfish. | File:Chauliodus eximus LACM.jpg | ||
| ?Clupea | ?C. tiejei | Articulated skeleton | A herring, classification in Clupea uncertain. | File:Clupea pallasii pallasii.jpg | ||
| Cyclothone | C. solitudinis | Lower | Articulated skeleton | A bristlemouth. | File:Cyclothone microdon1.jpg | |
| Decapterus | D. hopkinsi | Articulated skeleton | A mackerel scad. | File:Decapterus punctatus.jpg | ||
| D. sp. | ||||||
| Diaphus | D. bolini | Articulated skeletons | A lanternfish. | File:Diaphus metopoclampus.jpg | ||
| Eclipes | E. santamonicae | Articulated skeletons | A cod. | |||
| E. veternus | ||||||
| Etringus | E. scintillans | Articulated skeletons, isolated scales | A herring, possibly a round herring. | |||
| Ganolytes | G. aratus | Articulated skeletons, isolated scales | A herring. | |||
| G. cameo | ||||||
| Hipposyngnathus | H. imporcitor | Upper | Articulated skeletons | A pipefish. | File:Hipposyngnathus neriticus Oligozän Jamna Dolna Polen Ch1817.jpg | |
| Plectrites | P. classeni | Articulated skeletons | A seabream. | |||
| Quaesita | Q. quisquilia | Articulated skeletons | A deep-sea smelt. | |||
| Lampanyctus | L. petrolifer | Articulated skeletons | A lanternfish, L. petrolifer potentially in an undescribed genus. | File:Lampanyctus macdonaldi.jpg | ||
| L. sp. | ||||||
| Laytonia | L. californica | Articulated skeleton | A halosaur. | File:Bolbocara Laytonia.JPG | ||
| Lompoquia | L. culveri | Articulated skeleton | A drumfish. | File:Lompoquia retropes.JPG | ||
| L. retropes | ||||||
| L. sp. | ||||||
| Molidae indet. | An ocean sunfish. | |||||
| Myctophum | M. sp. | Articulated skeletons | A lanternfish.[6] | File:Myctophum affine.jpg | ||
| Pseudoseriola | P. gilliandi | Articulated skeletons | A relative of the bluefish. | |||
| P. sp. | ||||||
| Rhomurus | R. fulcratus | Partial skeleton | A halfbeak, either in the Hemiramphidae or the extinct Forficidae. | |||
| Sarda | S. stockii | Partial skeletons | A bonito. | File:Sarda sarda.jpg | ||
| Scomber | S. sanctaemonicae | Partial skeleton | A true mackerel. | File:Scomber japonicus drawing.jpg | ||
| S. cf. japonicus (=Pneumatophorus cf. grex) | Scale | |||||
| S. sp. | Mulholland Drive | Partial skeletons | ||||
| Scomberesox | S. edwardsi | Lower | Skull, partial segment with scales | A saury. | File:Scomberesox saurus saurus.jpg | |
| Scorpaena | S. ensiger | Articulated skeletons | A scorpionfish. | File:Scorpaena colorata.jpg | ||
| Sebastes | S. davidi | Articulated skeletons | A rockfish. | File:Sebastes melanops drawing.jpg | ||
| S. sp. | ||||||
| Syngnathus | S. avus | Articulated skeletons | A pipefish. | File:Syngnathus rostellatus.jpg | ||
| Thyrsocles | T. kriegeri | Articulated skeletons | A euzaphlegid. | File:Euzaphlegidae.JPG | ||
| Xyne | X. grex | Articulated skeletons, isolated scales | A herring. | |||
| Zanteclites | Z. sp. | Isolated scales | A Neotropical silverside. | |||
| Zaphlegulus | Z. venturaensis | A euzaphlegid. | File:Zaphlegulus venturaensis.JPG |
Birds
[edit | edit source]Based on the Paleobiology Database:[4]
| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Osteodontornis | O. orri | Sherman Oaks | A pseudotooth bird. | File:Osteodontornis BW cropped.png | ||
| Phalacrocorax | P. femoralis | A cormorant. | File:Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) (14).JPG | |||
| Puffinus | P. diatomicus | Sherman Oaks | Incomplete skeleton. | A shearwater. | File:Manx Shearwater.JPG | |
| Sula | S. willetti | Sherman Oaks | Leg bones. | A booby. | File:Sula nebouxii -Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador-8 (1).jpg |
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Mammals
[edit | edit source]Based on the Paleobiology Database:[4]
| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atocetus | A. nasalis | Upper | A kentriodontid toothed whale. | File:Atocetus iquensis skull 4554.jpg | ||
| Mixocetus | M. elysius | Lincoln Heights | Elysian Park Sandstone | Skull | A tranatocetid baleen whale, for which the formation is the type locality. | File:Mixocetus elysius LACM.jpg |
See also
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References
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