Material nonimplication

File:Venn0100.svg

Venn diagram of $P\nrightarrow Q$

Material nonimplication or abjunction (from Latin ab 'away' and junctio 'to join') is a term referring to a logic operation used in generic circuits and Boolean algebra. It is the negation of material implication. That is to say that for any two propositions $P$ and $Q$, the material nonimplication from $P$ to $Q$ is true if and only if the negation of the material implication from $P$ to $Q$ is true. This is more naturally stated as that the material nonimplication from $P$ to $Q$ is true only if $P$ is true and $Q$ is false.

It may be written using logical notation as $P\nrightarrow Q$, $P\supset ̸Q$, or "Lpq" (in Bocheński notation), and is logically equivalent to $\mathrm{\neg }(P\to Q)$, and $P\wedge \mathrm{\neg }Q$.

Definition

Truth table

$A$	$B$	$A\nrightarrow B$
F	F	F
F	T	F
T	F	T
T	T	F

Logical equivalences

Material nonimplication may be defined as the negation of material implication.

$P\nrightarrow Q$	$\iff$	$\mathrm{\neg }(P\to Q)$
File:Venn0100.svg	$\iff$	$\mathrm{\neg }$ File:Venn1011.svg

In classical logic, it is also equivalent to the negation of the disjunction of $\mathrm{\neg }P$ and $Q$, and also the conjunction of $P$ and $\mathrm{\neg }Q$

$P\nrightarrow Q$	$\iff$	$\mathrm{\neg }($	$\mathrm{\neg }P$	$\vee$	$Q)$	$\iff$	$P$	$\wedge$	$\mathrm{\neg }Q$
File:Venn0100.svg	$\iff$	$\mathrm{\neg }($	File:Venn1010.svg	$\vee$	File:Venn0011.svg$)$	$\iff$	File:Venn0101.svg	$\wedge$	File:Venn1100.svg

Properties

falsehood-preserving: The interpretation under which all variables are assigned a truth value of "false" produces a truth value of "false" as a result of material nonimplication.

Symbol

The symbol for material nonimplication is simply a crossed-out material implication symbol. Its Unicode symbol is 219B₁₆ (8603 decimal): ↛.

Natural language

Grammatical

"p minus q."

"p without q."

Rhetorical

"p but not q."

"q is false, in spite of p."

Computer science

Bitwise operation: A & ~B. This is usually called "bit clear" (BIC) or "and not" (ANDN).

Logical operation: A && !B.

See also

• Implication
• Set difference

External links

• Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to at Wikimedia Commons