Marshalltown Formation

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Marshalltown Formation
Stratigraphic range: Middle to Late Campanian, 75–72 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofMonmouth Group
UnderliesWenonah Formation
OverliesEnglishtown Formation
Lithology
PrimaryGlauconite, sandstone
OtherSiderite
Location
RegionNew Jersey, Delaware
CountryUnited States
Type section
Named forMarshalltown, New Jersey

The Marshalltown Formation is a Late Cretaceous (Campanian)-aged geologic formation in New Jersey and Delaware, US. Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. It contains the most extensive Campanian-aged dinosaur fauna from New Jersey and Delaware.[1][2]

The famous Ellisdale Fossil Site, a konzentrat-lagerstätten which contains one of the most diverse Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages (likely rapidly buried in a massive flood event) known from eastern North America/former Appalachia, is an exposure of this formation.[3]

The Marshalltown Formation stretches across southern New Jersey to northern Delaware, and is largely composed of marine sediments deposited off the eastern shore of Appalachia, although the Ellisdale site represents a fluvio-deltaic or tidal-estuarine environment reminiscent of the modern Albemarle Sound, and thus has more of a terrestrial influence.[3][4]

Vertebrate paleobiota

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Based on the Paleobiology Database:[5][6]

Cartilaginous fish

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Cartilaginous fish of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images

Bony fish

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Based on:[5][6]

Bony fish of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Acipenser A. sp. Ellisdale Site A sturgeon. File:Acipenser oxyrhynchus.jpg
Anomoeodus A. phaseolus Ellisdale Site, St. Georges A pycnodont. File:Anomoeodus subclavatus.jpg
Atractosteus A. sp. Ellisdale Site A gar. File:Alligator gar fish (white background).jpg
Cyclurus C. cf. fragosus Ellisdale Site An amiid related to bowfins. File:Cyclurus kehreri 001.jpg
cf. Cylindracanthus C. sp. St. George's A fish of uncertain affinities. File:Cylindracanthus rectus.jpg
Enchodus E. ferox Ellisdale Site, St. Georges An enchodontid aulopiform. File:Enchodus petrosus.png
E. sp. St. Georges
cf. Lepisosteus L. sp. St. Georges A gar. File:Lepisosteus platostomus drawing.jpg
Paralbula P. casei Ellisdale Site, St. Georges A phyllodontid elopomorph.
cf. "Platacodon" P. sp. Ellisdale Site A sciaenid-like fish.
Stephanodus S. sp. St. Georges A pycnodont.
Xiphactinus X. audax Ellisdale Site An ichthyodectid. File:Xiphactinus audax.png
X. sp. St. Georges

Amphibians

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Amphibians of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Albanerpetontidae indet. Ellisdale Site An albanerpetontid.
Alytidae indet. An alytid frog.
cf. Habrosaurus H. sp. A sirenid salamander. File:Habrosaurus Dilatus.png
Parrisia P. neocesariensis A batrachosauroidid salamander. Type locality of genus and species.[7]
Pelobatidae indet. A relative of European spadefoot toads.
cf. Proamphiuma P. sp. A sirenid salamander.
cf. Scotiophryne S. sp. A frog of uncertain affinities.
cf. Theatonius T. sp. A frog of uncertain affinities.

Reptiles

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Dinosaurs

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Based on Brownstein (2018):[8][9]

Dinosaurs of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
"Coelosaurus" C. antiquus An ornithomimosaur. File:Coelosaurus antiquus tibia.jpg
Coelurosauria indet. Ellisdale Site A coelurosaur theropod of uncertain affinities.
Dromaeosauridae indet. A dromaeosaurid theropod of uncertain affinities.
Dryptosaurus D. sp. A tyrannosauroid theropod. Specimens from this formation might belong to Appalachiosaurus instead.[10] File:2023-12-01 15 40 55 Dryptosaurus aguilunguis cast, late Cretaceous Period, New Egypt Formation, West Jersey Marl Company Pit, Mantua Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, on display at the New Jersey State Museum in Trenton, New Jersey.jpg
Hadrosauridae indet. A hadrosaurid ornithopod.
?Hadrosauroidea indet. A hadrosauroid ornithopod.
Hadrosaurus H. foulkii A hadrosaurid ornithopod. File:Hadrosaurus foulkii restoration.png
?H. sp.
Hypsibema H. crassicauda A hadrosauroid ornithopod. File:HypsibemaCrassicaudaVertNC.jpg
Nodosauridae indet. A nodosaurid ankyosaur.
Ornithopoda indet. An ornithopod of uncertain affinities.

Crocodilians

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Crocodilians of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
cf. "Allognathosuchus" "A". sp. Ellisdale Site An alligatorid.
cf. Brachychampsa B. sp. Ellisdale Site An alligatorid. File:Brachychampsa NT small.jpg
Deinosuchus D. rugosus Ellisdale Site An alligatoroid, one of the largest known crocodilians. Remains of both juveniles and adults known.[11] File:Deinosuchus illustration Andrey Atuchin.jpg
"Diplocynodon" "D". sp. Ellisdale Site An alligatorid.
"Leidyosuchus" "L". sp. Cambridge Crossing Executive Park An alligatorid.[12]

Turtles

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Turtles of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Adocus A. beatus Ellisdale Site An adocid. File:Adocidae - Adocus punctatus.jpg
Chedighaii C. barberi Ellisdale Site A bothremydid side-necked turtle.
Corsochelys C. sp. Ellisdale Site A dermochelyid sea turtle.
Trionychidae indet. Ellisdale Site, St. Georges A softshell turtle of uncertain affinities.

Plesiosaurs

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Plesiosaurs of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
"Elasmosaurus" "E." orientalis Swedesboro Two back vertebrae An elasmosaurid, species name is a nomen dubium due to fragmentary nature.[13] File:Elasmosaurus Cope.jpg

Squamates

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Squamates of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Clidastes C. iguanavus Swedesboro A mosasaurine mosasaur. Type locality of species.[13] File:Clidastes AMNH FR 192.jpg
cf. C. sp. St. Georges
?Contogenys C. sp. Ellisdale Site A globaurid lizard.
cf. Globidens G. sp. St. Georges A globidensine mosasaur. File:GlobidensDB2.jpg
Glyptosaurinae indet. Ellisdale Site An anguid lizard.
cf. Halisaurus H. sp. Ellisdale Site A halisaurine mosasaur. File:Halisaurus arambourgi.jpg
Haptosphenus H. sp. Ellisdale Site A chamopsid lizard.
cf. Odaxosaurus O. sp. Ellisdale Site An anguid lizard.
cf. Machaerosaurus M. sp. Ellisdale Site An anguid lizard.
Prototeius P. stageri Ellisdale Site A chamopsid lizard. Type locality of genus and species.[14]

Choristodera

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Choristoderes of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Neochoristodera indet. Ellisdale Site 1 vertebra A neochoristodere, one of the very few records of this group from eastern North America.[15]

Mammals

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Based on Grandstaff et al (1992):[16]

Mammals of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Cimolodontidae indet. Ellisdale Site A cimolodontid multituberculate.
Cimolomys C. cf. clarki A cimolomyid multiberculate. File:Ptilodus.jpg
cf. Didelphodon D. sp. A stagodontid metatherian. File:Didelphodon NT small.jpg
Protalphadon P. lulli A metatherian.

See also

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
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References

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  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..


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