Marsh tern
| Marsh terns | |
|---|---|
| File:Sterna albostriata.jpg | |
| Black-fronted tern (above) Chlidonias albostriatus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Laridae |
| Genus: | Chlidonias Rafinesque, 1822 |
| Type species | |
| Sterna melanops[1] Rafinesque, 1822
| |
| Species | |
| |
The name marsh tern refers to terns of the genus Chlidonias, which typically breed in freshwater marshes, rather than coastal locations.
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The genus Chlidonias was introduced in 1822 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque with Sterna melanops Rafinesque = Sterna surinamensis Gmelin, J.F. as the type species.[2][3] The name Chlidonias is from Ancient Greek khelidonios, "swallow-like", from khelidon, "swallow".[4]
Species
[edit | edit source]The genus contains four species:[5]
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black tern | Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies
|
Europe, Western Asia and North America. Map of range |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| White-winged tern or white-winged black tern
File:White-winged Tern, Mścichy, Biebrzański Park Narodowy, Polska.jpg |
Chlidonias leucopterus (Temminck, 1815) |
Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Map of range |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| Whiskered tern | Chlidonias hybrida (Pallas, 1811) |
Europe and the Palearctic (northwestern Africa and central and southern Europe to southeastern Siberia, eastern China and south to Pakistan and northern India) Map of range |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| Black-fronted tern
File:Black-fronted Tern, Greymouth, New Zealand (cropped).jpg |
Chlidonias albostriatus (Gray, 1845) |
New Zealand[6] | Size: Habitat: Diet: |
EN
|
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Notice the hesitation in the gender of the epithet of the scientific names, as they are usually masculine (albostriatus, leucopterus or niger), but in the case of the whiskered tern is mostly used as feminine (hybrida), maybe from the influence of the previous gender used, Sterna.
The black-bellied tern (Sterna acuticauda) and the white-cheeked tern (Sterna repressa) might also be placed in Chlidonias.
References
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- ^ Bridge, E. S.; Jones, A. W. & Baker, A. J. (2005). A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution Archived 2006-07-20 at the Wayback Machine Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 459–469.
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