Mantisalca
| Mantisalca | |
|---|---|
| File:Mantisalca salmantica1.jpg | |
| A dagger flower, Mantisalca salmantica, in Albatera Alicante, Spain. | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Carduoideae |
| Tribe: | Cardueae |
| Subtribe: | Centaureinae |
| Genus: | Mantisalca Cass.[1][2] |
| Type species | |
| Mantisalca salmantica | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Mantisalca is a genus of plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae, it contains six described species.[3][4]
Description
[edit | edit source]Annual or biennial herbs growing between 50 cm to 1.3 metres in size.[5][6] Herbage is not spiny.[6]
Morphology
[edit | edit source]The stems are erect, strongly branched, longitudinal parallel lines (striate) with wings on stem absent.[5]
Leaves grow around the base (basal) and along the stem (cauline).[6] Leaves are without spines. Basal leaves dissected to the midrib with the leave segments merging (confluent) at the midrib (pinnatisect).[5] Stem leaves sparse, much reduced, very narrow in length with parallel sides (linear) and toothed, with the teeth pointing towards the leaf tip (serrate).[5]
Flower heads are solitary with ray-florets absent and receptacle scales present.[7] Involcural bracts are ovoid to spheric in shape, 10 to 15 mm in diameter.[6] The bracts are in several series, up to eight in number, ending in a short deciduous spines or with a short sharp point (mucronate).[7][6][5]
Distribution and habitat
[edit | edit source]Mantisalca occurs primarily in northern Africa, southern Europe and Turkey. One species, Mantisalca salmantica, is naturalised in Australia.[5]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]Etymology
[edit | edit source]Mantisalca is the anagram of the type species epithet salmantica.[6]
Species
[edit | edit source]- Mantisalca amberboides (Caball.) Maire - Morocco
- Mantisalca cabezudoi E.Ruíz & Devesa
- Mantisalca delestrii Briq. & Cavill. - Morocco, Algeria
- Mantisalca duriaei Briq. & Cavill. - France, Spain, Italy
- Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill. - widespread from Britain + Morocco to Palestine
- Mantisalca spinulosa (Rouy) E.Ruíz & Devesa
Selected hybrids include:
- Mantisalca × castroviejoi E.Ruíz & Devesa
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b Cassini 1818, p. 142.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Tropicos, Mantisalca Cass.
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Mantisalca includes photos and distribution maps
- ^ a b c d e f Orchard 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Keil 2006.
- ^ a b Stanley & Ross 1986, p. 587.
- ^ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-12-18 at archive.today
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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Bibliography
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