Macrosternodesmidae

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Macrosternodesmidae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Order: Polydesmida
Suborder: Polydesmidea
Family: Macrosternodesmidae
Brolemann, 1916

Macrosternodesmidae is a family of flat-backed millipedes in the order Polydesmida.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Some authorities deem Macrosternodesmidae to be a junior synonym of Trichopolydesmidae.[8][9] Others accept Macrosternodesmidae as a valid family but disagree regarding the genera included in this family.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Taxonomy

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In 1916, the French myriapodologist Henry W. Brölemann proposed Macrosternodesmini as a tribe to include the monotypic European genus Macrosternodesmus,[10] which he had described earlier in 1908.[11] In 1980, the American biologist Richard L. Hoffman elevated this tribe name to family status as Macrosternodesmidae.[12][13] In 2013, however, the Russian zoologist Sergei I. Golovatch deemed Macrosternodesmidae to be a junior synonym of Trichopolydesmidae.[8] In 2017, the biologists William A. Shear and James M. Reddell rejected this proposed synonymy and retained Macrosternodesmidae as a valid family mostly endemic to North America but also including Macrosternodesmus and three other monotypic European genera.[14]

Authorities often consider Nearctodesmidae to be a junior synonym of Macrosternodesmidae.[15][8] In 2017, Shear and Reddell placed the genera previously assigned to the family Nearctodesmidae in a new subfamily Nearctodesminae in the family Macrosternodesmidae.[14] Others have adopted this proposed revision.[16][17] In 2019, Shear, Rowland M. Shelley, and David B. Steinmann proposed two new genera (Packardesmus and Coloradesmus) and placed them in the other subfamily (Macrosternodesminae) in this family.[18][12] Some authorities accept Macrosternodesmidae as a valid family but nevertheless place Macrosternodesmus, Packardesmus, and Coloradesmus in the family Trichopolydesmidae instead.[1][19]

Description

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As described by Shear and Reddell based on North American species, the millipedes in this family feature a small collum shaped like a transverse oval and well developed paranota. Species in this family range from white to brown or red.[14] Whereas millipedes in the subfamily Macrosternodesmidae are small (2.5 mm to 12 mm in length) and often lack pigment,[12] those in the subfamily Neactodesminae are much larger (10 mm to 35 mm in length) and often brown, orange, pink, or red.[18] Whereas Macrosternodesmines feature short antennae with bulbous distal segments, Nearctodesmines feature long antennae with cylindrical distal segments.[12] The tergites feature setae that are often arranged on rows of tubercles in Macrosternodesmines, but these surfaces are entirely smooth and lack setae in Nearctodesmines.[14][12]

Genera

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The revisions proposed by Shear, Reddell, Shelley, and Steinmann would include at least the following genera in the following two subfamilies in this family:[14][18][12]

Subfamily Macrosternodesminae Brölemann, 1916
Subfamily Nearctodesminae Chamberlin & Hoffman, 1950

References

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Further reading

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  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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