Monoacylglycerol lipase
| acylglycerol lipase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Mgll activity.png Reaction catalyzed by MGLL, in which a free fatty acid (FFA) is released from a monoacylglycerol (MAG) | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 3.1.1.23 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 9040-75-9 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| monoglyceride lipase | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | MGLL | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 11343 | ||||||
| HGNC | 17038 | ||||||
| OMIM | 609699 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NM_007283 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q99685 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| EC number | 3.1.1.23 | ||||||
| Locus | Chr. 3 p13-q13.33 | ||||||
| |||||||
Monoacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.23; systematic name glycerol-ester acylhydrolase, also known as MAG lipase, acylglycerol lipase, MAGL, MGL or MGLL) is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the MGLL gene.[1][2][3] MAGL is a 33-kDa, membrane-associated member of the serine hydrolase superfamily and contains the classical GXSXG consensus sequence common to most serine hydrolases. The catalytic triad has been identified as Ser122, His269, and Asp239.[2][4]
Function
[edit | edit source]Monoacylglycerol lipase catalyzes a reaction that uses water molecules to break the glycerol monoesters of long-chain fatty acids:
- hydrolyses glycerol monoesters of long-chain fatty acids
It functions together with hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) to hydrolyze intracellular triglyceride stores in adipocytes and other cells to fatty acids and glycerol. MGLL may also complement lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in completing hydrolysis of monoglycerides resulting from degradation of lipoprotein triglycerides.[5]
Monoacylglycerol lipase is a key enzyme in the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).[6][7] It converts monoacylglycerols to the free fatty acid and glycerol. The contribution of MAGL to total brain 2-AG hydrolysis activity has been estimated to be ~85% (ABHD6 and ABHD12 are responsible for ~4% and ~9%, respectively, of the remainder),[8][9] and this in vitro estimate has been confirmed in vivo by the selective MAGL inhibitor JZL184.[10] Chronic inactivation of MAGL results in massive (>10-fold) elevations of brain 2-AG in mice, along with marked compensatory downregulation of CB1 receptors in selective brain areas.[11]
Inhibitors
[edit | edit source]MAGL enzyme inhibitors, for instance URB-602, URB-754, and JZL-184, produce cannabinoid-like behavioral effects in mice.[10]
Further examples include:[12]
As well as the following compounds which are under pharmaceutical development:
- CC-97489 – dual MAGL and FAAH inhibitor[13]
- Elcubragistat (ABX-1431; Lu AG06466)[14]
- PF-06818883[15]
- RG-6182[16]
- Small molecule MGLLi[17]
See also
[edit | edit source]- Endocannabinoid enhancer
- Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor
- Triacylglycerol lipase
- Fatty acid amide hydrolase
References
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Monoacylglycerol+lipases at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- EC 3.1.1.23
- Monoglyceride lipase (MGLL) Human Protein Atlas
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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