Lueders Formation

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Lueders Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Permian
File:PSM V73 D562 Bone beds in willbarger county texas.png
Exposure in Wilbarger County, Texas (1908).
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofAlbany Group
Sub-units
  • Lake Kemp Limestone
  • Maybelle Limestone
UnderliesClear Fork Group[1]
OverliesTalpa Formation[1]
Thickness50 to 70 feet[1]
Lithology
PrimaryInterbedded shale & limestone[1]
Location
RegionTexas
CountryUnited States
Type section
Named forLueders, Texas

The Lueders Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It is the top formation of the Albany Group and preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.[1]

File:Helicoconchus elongatus.jpg
Helicoconchus elongatus, a microconchid from the Lueders Formation of Texas.

Description

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Paleogeography

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At the time of deposition, a broad sea connected to the Panthalassic Ocean covered much of the central United States, including Texas. The Lueders Formation would have been located in the northern tropics or subtropics. Climatically, after the retreat of an early Artinskian glacial maximum, the deserts of the North American craton experienced fluctuation and growth during this time period, and the associated aridity decrease impacted seabed deposition in localities across the basin.[2]

Depositional environment

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The Lueders Formation represents a deltaic environment, with terrestrial sediments being deposited onto the muddy bottom of a shallow estuary by shifting freshwater streams. In the Maybelle Member, the dolomite likely represents marine deposits, preserving marine sharks and fish, whereas darker terrestrial sediments and freshwater shale deposits contain remains of land animals and freshwater fish respectively.[3]

Fossil content

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Amphibians

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Amphibians reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Crossotelos C. annulatus Maybelle Member.[4] Multiple specimens.[4] A nectridean.
Diplocaulus D. magnicornis Maybelle Member.[3] Multiple specimens.[3] A nectridean.
File:Diplocaulus Underside (Updated).png
Eryops E. megacephalus Maybelle Member.[3] Limb & skull elements.[3] An eryopid.
File:Eryops1DB.jpg
Trimerorhachis T. sp. Maybelle Member.[3] Limb & skull elements.[3] A dvinosaur.
File:Trimerorhachis insignis life restoration.jpg

Fish

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Acanthodians

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Acanthodians reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Acanthodes A. sp. Maybelle Member.[3] A fin spine.[3] An acanthodiform, known from freshwater deposits.
File:Acanthodes bronni NT.jpg

Bony fish

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Bony fish reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
"Acrolepis" Maybelle Member.[3] Scales.[3] A palaeonisciform.
File:Acrolepis gigas DB18.jpg
Gnathorhiza G. serrata Maybelle Member.[3][5] Jaw elements & near-complete specimen.[3][5] A lungfish from freshwater deposits.
File:GnathorhizaDB.jpg
Lawnia L. cf. L. taylorensis Maybelle Member.[3][6] Remains of millions of individuals.[3] A palaeonisciform originally reported as 'Lawnia-like', now thought to represent the genus itself.[6]
Luederia L. kempi Maybelle Member.[3][6] A braincase & 2 large cleithra.[3][7] A marine palaeonisciform.
?Platysomus ?P. palmaris Maybelle Member.[3] Partial bodies & numerous scales.[3] A marine (?) palaeonisciform.
Sagenodus Maybelle Member.[5] Upper tooth plate (UCLA VP 431).[5] A lungfish.
File:Sagenodus copeanus -2.gif
Schaefferichthys S. leudersensis Maybelle Member.[3] Incomplete specimen (USNM 23109).[3][8] A freshwater palaeonisciform.
File:Schaefferichthys leudersensis Dalquest.jpg
?Spermatodus ?S. pustulosus Maybelle Member.[3] Multiple specimens.[3] A coelacanth.

Cartilaginous fish

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Cartilaginous fish reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Acrodus ?A. olsoni Teeth.[9] A hybodont.
?A. sweetlacruzensis Teeth.[9] A hybodont.
Barbclabornia B. luedersensis Numerous teeth.[10] A giant freshwater xenacanth.
File:Barbclabornia leuderensis.jpg
Ctenacanthus C. cf. C. amblyxiphias Maybelle Member.[3] Fin spines.[3] A ctenacanth found in the marine dolomite.
File:Ctenacanthus concinnus.png
Janassa J. sp. Maybelle Member.[3] Isolated teeth.[3] A petalodont found in the marine dolomite.
File:Janassa.jpg
Orthacanthus O. platypternus Teeth.[11] A freshwater xenacanth.
O. texensis Teeth.[11] A freshwater xenacanth.
File:Orthacanthus texensis 78.jpg
Polyacrodus P. wichitaensis Teeth.[9] A hybodont.
P. zideki Teeth.[9] A hybodont.
Xenacanthus ?X. slaughteri Teeth.[11] A freshwater xenacanth.
X. sp. Maybelle Member.[3] A tooth.[3] A freshwater xenacanth.
File:Xenacanth.png

Synapsids

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Synapsids reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Dimetrodon D. sp. Maybelle Member.[3] Neural spine & bone fragments.[3] A sphenacodontid.
File:Dimetrodon grandis 3D Model Reconstruction.png

Invertebrates

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Arthropods

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Arthropods reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ostracoda indet. Indeterminate WSU 1445.[2] A fragmentary ostracod.
Panduralimulus P. babcocki Maybelle Member.[12] Multiple specimens.[12] A horseshoe crab.

Bivalves

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Bivalves reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Myalinella M. sp. Valves (WSU 1407).[2] A myalinid.
Pinnidae indet. Indeterminate Shell.[2] An unknown pen shell.

Bryozoans

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Bryozoans reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Bryozoa indet. Indeterminate WSU 1430.[2] A fragmentary bryozoan.

Cephalopods

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Cephalopods reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Koninckioceras K. bibbi Internal mold.[13] A nautiloid.
Metacoceras M. sp. Shell (WSU 1437).[2] A nautiloid.
File:Metacoceras discoideum 01.jpg
Michelinoceras M. sp. Phragmocone (WSU 1406).[2] A orthocerid.
File:Michelinoceras campanile 45.jpg
Millkoninckioceras M. sp. Shell (WSU 1442).[2] A nautiloid.
Perrinitidae indet. Indeterminate 3 specimens.[2] An ammonite.
Stenopoceras cf. S. whitei Phragmocone.[2] A nautiloid.

Echinoderms

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Echinoderms reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Crinoidea indet. Indeterminate Columnal (WSU1405A).[2] A fragmentary crinoid.

Plants

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Plants reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Tinsleya T. texana Maybelle Member.[14] Numerous specimens.[14] A pteridosperm.
Zeilleropteris Z. wattii Leaves.[15] A gigantopterid.

See also

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References

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