List of endemic plants of Crete
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Crete and adjacent islands (Karpathos, Kasos, Saria, and smaller islets) are home to several dozen endemic species and subspecies of plants, together with two endemic genera, Horstrissea and Petromarula.[1]
The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions treats Crete and associated islands as a separate botanical country from Greece and the East Aegean Islands, although all three are politically part of the same country.
Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family.
Amaryllidaceae
[edit | edit source]- Allium bourgeaui subsp. creticum Bothmer
- Allium circinnatum subsp. circinnatum
- Allium dilatatum Zahar.
- Allium platakisii Tzanoud. & Kypr.
- Allium tardans Greuter & Zahar.
- Sternbergia lutea subsp. greuteriana (Kamari & R.Artelari) Strid
Apiaceae
[edit | edit source]- Bupleurum gaudianum Snogerup
- Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter
- Chaerophyllum creticum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Chrysophae cretica Koso-Pol.
- Eryngium ternatum Poir.
- Ferula thyrsiflora Sm.
- Ferulago thyrsiflora (Sm.) W.D.J.Koch
- Geocaryum creticum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Engstrand
- Horstrissea Greuter – endemic genus
- Horstrissea dolinicola Greuter, Gerstb. & Egli
Apocynaceae
[edit | edit source]- Vincetoxicum creticum Browicz
Araceae
[edit | edit source]- Arum idaeum Coustur. & Gand.
- Arum purpureospathum P.C.Boyce
- Biarum davisii Turrill
- Biarum tenuifolium subsp. idomenaeum P.C.Boyce & Athanasiou
Aristolochiaceae
[edit | edit source]- Aristolochia cretica Lam.
- Bellevalia brevipedicellata Turrill
- Bellevalia juliana Bareka, Turland & Kamari
- Bellevalia sitiaca Kypriotakis & Tzanoud.
Asparagaceae
[edit | edit source]- Muscari spreitzenhoferi (Heldr.) Vierh.
- Ornithogalum creticum Zahar.
- Ornithogalum insulare Kypr.
- Prospero battagliae Speta
- Prospero depressum Speta
- Prospero hierapytnense Speta
- Prospero idaeum Speta
- Prospero minimum Speta
- Prospero rhadamanthi Speta
- Prospero talosii (Tzanoud. & Kypr.) Speta
- Scilla cretica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Speta
- Scilla cydonia Speta
- Scilla nana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Speta
Aspleniaceae
[edit | edit source]- Asplenium creticum Lovis
- Asplenium × khaniense Brownsey & Jermy (A. creticum × A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens)
Asteraceae
[edit | edit source]- Anthemis abrotanifolia (Willd.) Guss.
- Anthemis abrotanifolia f. abrotanifolia
- Anthemis abrotanifolia f. ligulata Greuter, Matthäs & Risse
- Anthemis ammanthus subsp. paleacea Greuter – Kárpathos (incl. Saria I.)
- Anthemis chia f. inornata Greuter, Matthäs & Risse
- Anthemis filicaulis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter
- Anthemis glaberrima (Rech.f.) Greuter
- Anthemis pasiphaes Goula & Constantin
- Anthemis rigida subsp. antri-neptuni Goula & Constantin
- Anthemis samariensis Turland
- Anthemis tomentella Greuter
- Bellis longifolia Boiss. & Heldr
- Carlina barnebiana B.L.Burtt & P.H.Davis
- Carlina curetum subsp. curetum
- Carlina diae (Rech.f.) Meusel & A.Kástner
- Carlina sitiensis Rech.f.
- Carthamus rechingeri P.H.Davis – Kárpathos
- Centaurea argentea subsp. chionantha (Turland & L.Chilton) Greuter
- Centaurea argentea subsp. macrothysana (Rech.f.) Turland & L.Chilton
- Centaurea baldaccii Degen
- Centaurea idaea Boiss. & Heldr
- Centaurea lancifolia Sieber ex Spreng.
- Centaurea poculatoris Greuter
- Centaurea redempta subsp. redempta
- Crepis auriculifolia Sieber
- Crepis bellidifolia Noë ex Nyman
- Crepis fraasii subsp. mungieri (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.D.Sell
- Crepis neglecta subsp. cretica (Boiss.) Vierh.
- Crepis sibthorpiana Boiss. & Heldr.
- Crepis tybakiensis Vierh.
- Crepis tybakiensis var. flexiscapa (Rech.f.) Greuter
- Crepis tybakiensis var. tybakiensis
- Filago wagenitziana Bergmeier
- Helichrysum doerfleri Rech.f.
- Helichrysum heldreichii Boiss.
- Hieracium schmidtii subsp. creticum (Zahn) Greuter
- Hypochaeris tenuiflora (Boiss.) Boiss.
- Lactuca alpestris (Gand.) Rech.f.
- Lophiolepis morinifolia (Boiss. & Heldr.) Del Guacchio, Bureš, Iamonico & P.Caputo
- Onopordum bracteatum subsp. creticum Franco
- Phagnalon pygmaeum (Sieber) Greuter
- Pseudopodospermum idaeum (Gand.) Zaika
- Ptilostemon chamaepeuce var. elegans Greuter
- Senecio fruticulosus Sm.
- Staehelina petiolata (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
- Tragopogon lassithicus Rech.f.
Boraginaceae
[edit | edit source]- Alkanna sieberi A.DC.
- Cynoglossum sphacioticum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Myosotis solange Greuter & Zaffran
Brassicaceae
[edit | edit source]- Alyssum idaeum Boiss. & Heldr
- Alyssum lassiticum Halácsy
- Alyssum sphacioticum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Arabis cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
- Draba cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
- Erysimum candicum Snogerup
- Erysimum creticum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Erysimum mutabile Boiss. & Heldr.
- Erysimum raulinii Boiss.
- Noccaea cretica (Degen & Jáv.) F.K.Mey.
- Noccaea zaffranii F.K.Mey.
- Odontarrhena baldaccii (Vierh. ex Nyár.) Španiel
- Odontarrhena fragillima (Bald.) Španiel
- Ricotia cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
- Ricotia isatoides (Barbey) B.L.Burtt
Campanulaceae
[edit | edit source]- Campanula aizoides Zaffran
- Campanula carpatha Halácsy – Kárpathos, Kasos, Saria.
- Campanula cretica (A.DC.) D.Dietr.
- Campanula creutzburgii Greuter
- Campanula dimitrii Strid – Kárpathos
- Campanula hierapetrae Rech.f.
- Campanula jacquinii (Sieber) A.DC.
- Campanula pelviformis Lam.
- Campanula pinatzii Greuter & Phitos
- Campanula saxatilis subsp. saxatilis
- Campanula spatulata subsp. filicaulis (Halácsy) Phitos
- Campanula tubulosa Lam.
- Petromarula Vent. ex R.Hedw.
- Petromarula pinnata (L.) A.DC.
Caprifoliaceae
[edit | edit source]- Lomelosia albocincta (Greuter) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia minoana (P.H.Davis) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia minoana subsp. asterusica (Greuter) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana
- Lomelosia sphaciotica (Roem. & Schult.) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia sphaciotica subsp. decalvans (Halácsy) Bergmeier
- Lomelosia sphaciotica subsp. sphaciotica
- Valeriana sieberi (Heldr.) Christenh. & Byng
Caryophyllaceae
[edit | edit source]- Bolanthus creutzburgii Greuter
- Bufonia stricta subsp. cecconiana (Bald.) Rech.f.
- Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. doerfleri (Halácsy ex Hayek) P.D.Sell & Whitehead
- Cerastium deschatresii Greuter
- Cerastium scaposum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Cerastium scaposum subsp. peninsularum Greuter, N.Böhling & Ralf Jahn
- Cerastium scaposum subsp. scaposum
- Cherleria wettsteinii (Mattf.) A.J.Moore & Dillenb.
- Dianthus candicus (P.W.Ball & Heywood) Madhani & Heubl
- Dianthus fruticosus subsp. carpathus Runemark
- Dianthus fruticosus subsp. creticus (Tausch) Runemark
- Dianthus fruticosus subsp. sitiacus Runemark
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. aciphyllus (Sieber ex Ser.) Turland
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. bauhinorum (Greuter) Turland
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. heldreichii Greuter
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. idaeus Turland
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. kavusicus Turland
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. pulviniformis (Greuter) Turland
- Dianthus sphacioticus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Dianthus xylorrhizus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Petrorhagia dianthoides (Sm.) P.W.Ball & Heywood
- Silene ammophila Boiss. & Heldr.
- Silene ammophila subsp. ammophila
- Silene ammophila subsp. carpathae Chowdhuri – Kárpathos
- Silene antri-jovis Greuter & Burdet
- Silene flavescens subsp. dictaea (Rech.f.) Greuter
- Silene insularis Barbey – Kárpathos
- Silene integripetala subsp. greuteri (Phitos) Akeroyd
- Silene pinetorum Boiss. & Heldr
- Silene pinetorum subsp. pinetorum
- Silene pinetorum subsp. sphaciotica Oxelman & Greuter
- Silene sieberi Fenzl
- Silene variegata (Desf.) Boiss. & Heldr
- Telephium imperati subsp. pauciflorum (Greuter) Greuter & Burdet
Colchicaceae
[edit | edit source]- Colchicum cretense Greuter
Convolvulaceae
[edit | edit source]- Convolvulus argyrothamnos Greuter
- Cuscuta atrans Feinbrun
Crassulaceae
[edit | edit source]- Sedum creticum subsp. creticum – Crete and Kárpathos
- Sedum eriocarpum subsp. spathulifolium 't Hart
- Sedum litoreum var. creticum 't Hart
- Sedum praesidis Runemark & Greuter
Cyperaceae
[edit | edit source]- Carex idaea Greuter, Matthäs & Risse
Euphorbiaceae
[edit | edit source]- Euphorbia myrsinites subsp. rechingeri (Greuter) Aldén
- Euphorbia sultan-hassei Strid, B.Bentzer, Bothmer, Engstrand & M.A.Gust.
Fabaceae
[edit | edit source]- Astragalus angustifolius subsp. echinoides (L'Hér.) Brullo, Giusso & Musarella
- Astragalus creticus Lam.
- Astragalus dolinicola (Brullo & Giusso) Brullo & Giusso
- Astragalus idaeus Bunge
- Astragalus nummularius subsp. nummularius
- Coronilla globosa Lam.
- Ebenus cretica L.
- Lathyrus neurolobus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Medicago arborea subsp. strasseri (Greuter, Matthäs & Risse) Sobr.-Vesp. & Ceresuela
- Onobrychis sphaciotica Greuter
- Ononis verae Širj.
- Trifolium phitosianum N.Böhling, Greuter & Raus
Hypericaceae
[edit | edit source]- Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N.Robson
- Hypericum amblycalyx Coustur. & Gand.
- Hypericum empetrifolium subsp. oliganthum (Rech.f.) I.Hagemanm
- Hypericum empetrifolium subsp. tortuosum (Rech.f.) I.Hagemann
- Hypericum jovis Greuter
- Hypericum kelleri Bald.
- Hypericum trichocaulon Boiss. & Heldr.
Iridaceae
[edit | edit source]- Crocus oreocreticus B.L.Burtt
- Crocus pumilus (Rukšāns) Rukšāns
- Crocus ruksansii Zubov
- Crocus sieberi J.Gay
Lamiaceae
[edit | edit source]- Clinopodium creticum (L.) Kuntze
- Micromeria carpatha Rech.f. – Kárpathos
- Micromeria hispida Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth.
- Micromeria sphaciotica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth. – Kárpathos
- Nepeta sphaciotica P.H.Davis
- Origanum dictamnus L.
- Origanum × karpathicum Dirmenci, C.Catt. & Dimarchou (O. onites × O. vetteri) – Kárpathos
- Origanum microphyllum (Benth.) Vogel
- Origanum × minoanum P.H.Davis (O. microphyllum × O. vulgare subsp. hirtum)
- Origanum vetteri Briq. & Barbey
- Phlomis × commixta Rech.f., Denkschr
- Phlomis lanata Willd.
- Phlomis pichleri Vierh.
- Phlomis × sieberi Vierh.
- Phlomis × vierhapperi Rech.f.
- Prunella cretensis Gand.
- Scutellaria hirta Sm.
- Scutellaria sieberi Benth.
- Sideritis syriaca subsp. syriaca
- Stachys mucronata Sieber ex Spreng.
- Teucrium alpestre Sm.
- Teucrium cuneifolium Sm.
- Teucrium gracile Barbey & Fors.-Major
- Teucrium montbretii subsp. heliotropiifolium (Barbey) P.H.Davis
- Thymbra calostachya (Rech.f.) Rech.f.
- Thymus leucotrichus var. creticus (Bald.) Ronniger
Liliaceae
[edit | edit source]- Fritillaria messanensis subsp. sphaciotica (Gand.) Kamari & Phitos
- Gagea omalensis J.-M.Tison
- Tulipa cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
Linaceae
[edit | edit source]- Linum caespitosum Sm.
- Linum doerfleri Rech.f.
Orchidaceae
[edit | edit source]- × Anacamptorchis salkowskiana (C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) J.M.H.Shaw
- Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr.
- Ophrys × antiskariensis Soca (O. bombyliflora × O. cretica)
- Ophrys × baumanniana Soó (O. cretica × O. sphegodes)
- Ophrys × plorae C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis (O. cretica × O. spruneri)
- Ophrys × regis-minois Halx (O. cretica × O. scolopax subsp. heldreichii)
- Ophrys × vamvakiae Kohlmüller (O. cretica × O. lutea)
- Ophrys × varvarae Faller & Kreutz (O. cretica × O. fusca)
- × Orchinea hermaniana (C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) J.M.H.Shaw (Neotinea tridentata × Orchis anatolica)
- Orchis sitiaca (Renz) P.Delforge
- Orchis spitzelii subsp. nitidifolia (W.P.Teschner) Soó
- Orchis × thriftiensis Renz (O. anatolica × O. pauciflora)
- Serapias × sitiae nothosubsp. sitiae (S. lingua × S. orientalis subsp. orientalis)
- Serapias × wettsteinii nothosubsp. wettsteinii (S. bergonii × S. orientalis subsp. orientalis)
Paeoniaceae
[edit | edit source]- Paeonia clusii subsp. clusii – Crete and Kárpathos
Papaveraceae
[edit | edit source]- Corydalis uniflora (Sieber) Nyman
Plantaginaceae
[edit | edit source]- Chaenorhinum minus subsp. idaeum (Rech.f.) R.Fern.
- Veronica glauca subsp. kavusica (Rech.f.) M.A.Fisch.
Plumbaginaceae
[edit | edit source]- Acantholimon androsaceum var. androsaceum
- Limonium calliopsium Alf.Mayer
- Limonium carpathum (Rech.f.) Rech.f. – Kárpathos (near Vrondi)
- Limonium cornarianum Kypr. & R.Artelari – southeast Crete
- Limonium creticum R.Artelari
- Limonium elaphonisicum Alf.Mayer
- Limonium frederici (Barbey) Rech.f.
- Limonium hierapetrae Rech.f.
- Limonium pigadiense (Rech.f.) Rech.f. – Kárpathos
- Limonium rigidum Alf.Mayer
- Limonium stenotatum (Rech.f.) Erben & Brullo
- Limonium vanandense Erben & Brullo – Kárpathos
- Limonium xerocamposicum Erben & Brullo
Poaceae
[edit | edit source]- Brachypodium sylvaticum subsp. creticum H.Scholz & Greuter
- Catapodium borgesii H.Scholz
- Dactylis glomerata subsp. rigida (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek
- Festuca polita subsp. cretica (Markgr.-Dann.) Foggi & H.Scholz
- Sesleria doerfleri Hayek
Polygonaceae
[edit | edit source]- Polygonum idaeum Hayek
Primulaceae
[edit | edit source]- Cyclamen confusum (Grey-Wilson) Culham, Jope & P.Moore
- Cyclamen creticum (Dörfl.) Hildebr.
- Cyclamen graecum subsp. candicum Ietsw.
- Adonis cretica (Huth) Imam, Chrtek & A.Slavíková
Ranunculaceae
[edit | edit source]- Anemone hortensis subsp. heldreichii (Boiss.) Rech.f. – Crete and Kárpathos
- Clematis elisabethae-carolae Greuter – Sfakia Prov.
- Nigella carpatha Strid – Kárpathos and Kasos
- Ranunculus cupreus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Ranunculus radinotrichus Greuter & Strid – western Crete (Levka Ori)
- Ranunculus veronicae N.Böhling
Rosaceae
[edit | edit source]- Sanguisorba cretica Hayek
Rubiaceae
[edit | edit source]- Cynanchica idaea (Halácsy) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio – mountains of Crete
- Galium citraceum Boiss. SC. & S. Greece to Kriti
- Galium extensum Krendl
- Galium fruticosum Willd.
- ''Galium incanum'' subsp. ''creticum'' Ehrend.
- Galium incrassatum Halácsy
- Galium incurvum Sm. – mountains of Crete
- Hexaphylla pubescens (Willd.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio
- Thliphthisa crassula (Greuter & Zaffran) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio
- Thliphthisa rigida (Sm.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio
Salicaceae
[edit | edit source]- Salix kaptarae Cambria
Santalaceae
[edit | edit source]- Viscum album subsp. creticum N.Böhling, Greuter, Raus, B.Snogerup, Snogerup & Zuber
Scrophulariaceae
[edit | edit source]- Verbascum arcturus L.
- Verbascum × atchleyianum Rech.f. (V. sinuatum × V. spinosum)
- Verbascum × innominatum Rech.f. (V. macrurum × V. sinuatum)
- Verbascum spinosum L.
Tamaricaceae
[edit | edit source]- Tamarix minoa J.L.Villar, Turland, Juan, Gaskin, M.A.Alonso & M.B.Crespo
Ulmaceae
[edit | edit source]- Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss.
Violaceae
[edit | edit source]- Viola alba subsp. cretica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Marcussen – mountains of Crete
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Endemic plants of Kriti, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) checklist builder. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 August 2024.