List of animals of Long Island Sound

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Long Island Sound is a large marine estuary in the Northeastern United States. It forms the maritime border between the states of New York and Connecticut. It is diverse and serves as a breeding ground to many different types of marine animal species; the following is a list of said species by scientific and/or common name. Marine mammals are excluded; see List of mammals of New York for the corresponding species.

Sponges (Porifera)

Clathria prolifera (red beard sponge)
Cliona celata (boring sponge)^[1]
Halichondria bowerbanki (yellow sun sponge)
Halichondria panicea (breadcrumb sponge)
Chalinula loosanoffi (erect sponge)
Haliclona oculata (mermaid's glove)
Isodictya palmata (finger sponge)
Polymastia robusta

Comb jellies (Ctenophora)

Pleurobrachia pileus (sea gooseberry)

Jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Medusozoa)

Aurelia aurita (moon jelly)
Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Atlantic sea nettle)
Cyanea capillata (lion's mane jellyfish)
Physalia physalis (Portuguese man o'war)

Corals (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea and Scleractinia)

Alcyonium digitatum (dead man's fingers coral)
Astrangia poculata (northern star coral)

Sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria)

Ceriantheopsis americana (American striped burrowing anemone; invasive species)
Cerianthus borealis (northern burrowing anemone)
Diadumene leucolena (ghost anemone)
Diadumene lineata (orange-striped green anemone)
Fagesia lineata (lined anemone)
Metridium senile (frilled anemone)
Urticina felina (northern red anemone)

Crustaceans (Arthropoda: Crustacea)

True crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura)

Callinectes sapidus (Atlantic blue crab)
Cancer borealis (Jonah crab)
Cancer irroratus (Atlantic rock crab)
Carcinus maenas (European green crab; invasive species)
Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian shore crab; invasive species)
Libinia emarginata (common spider crab)
Libinia dubia (longnose spider crab)
Ovalipes ocellatus (lady crab)
Pelia mutica (cryptic teardrop crab)
Sesarma reticulatum (marsh crab)
Uca pugilator (Atlantic sand fiddler crab)
Uca pugnax (Atlantic marsh fiddler crab)

Other decapods

Crangon septemspinosa (seven-spined sand shrimp)
Gilvossius setimanus (ghost shrimp)
Homarus americanus (American lobster)
Pagurus longicarpus (long-wrist hermit crab)
Pagurus pollicaris (flatclaw hermit crab)
Palaemonetes pugio (daggerblade grass shrimp)
Upogebia affinis (coastal mud shrimp)

Mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda)

Squilla empusa (Atlantic mantis shrimp)

Horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Xiphosura)

Limulus polyphemus (Atlantic horseshoe crab)

Cephalopods (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)

Illex illecebrosus (northern shortfin squid)
Loligo pealei (longfin inshore squid)

Gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Littorinimorpha

This group includes filter feeders, omnivores, and predatory sea snails.

Crepidula fornicata (common slipper shell snail)
Crepidula plana (eastern white slipper shell)
Euspira heros (northern moonsnail)
Euspira triseriata (spotted moonsnail)
Littorina littorea (common periwinkle; invasive species)
Littorina saxatilis (rough periwinkle)
Neverita duplicata (sharkeye moonsnail)^[2]

Neogastropoda

Most neogastropods are predatory sea snails.

Astyris lunata (lunar dovesnail)
Buccinum undatum (waved whelk)
Busycon carica (knobbed whelk)
Busycotypus canaliculatus (channeled whelk)
Eupleura caudata (thick-lip drill)
Ilyanassa obsoleta (eastern mudsnail)
Ilyanassa trivittata (threeline mudsnail)
Kurtziella cerina (wax-colored mangelia)
Nucella lapillus (Atlantic dogwinkle)
Phrontis vibex (bruised nassa)
Urosalpinx cinerea (Atlantic oyster drill)

Ptenoglossa

Cerithiopsis greenii (Green's cerith)
Retilaskeya emersonii (awl cerith)
Seila adamsii (Adam's cerith)

Bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Pteriomorphia

These filter feeders are either mobile or permanently attached to a substrate.

Anadara ovalis (blood ark)
Anadara transversa (transverse ark)
Anomia simplex (jingle shell)
Argopecten irradians (bay scallop)
Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster)
Geukensia demissa (ribbed mussel)
Modiolus modiolus (northern horsemussel)
Mytilus edulis (blue mussel)
Ostrea edulis (European flat oyster)^[3]
Placopecten magellanicus (sea scallop)

Heterodonta

These filter feeders are mostly burrowers.

Arctica islandica (ocean quahog)
Astarte castanea (smooth astarte)
Astarte undata (wavy astarte)
Ensis directus (Atlantic jackknife / razor clam)
Mercenaria mercenaria (northern quahog / hardshell clam)
Mulinia lateralis (dwarf surf clam)
Mya arenaria (softshell clam)
Petricola pholadiformis (false angelwing)
Pitar morrhuanus (false quahog)
Spisula solidissima (Atlantic surf clam)

Echinoderms (Echinodermata)

Sea urchins (Echinoidea)

Arbacia punctulata (Atlantic purple sea urchin)
Order Clypeasteroida (sand dollars)
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (common green sea urchin)

Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea)

Sclerodactyla briareus (hairy sea cucumber)

Starfish (Asteroidea)

Asterias forbesi (common seastar)
Asterias vulgaris (northern seastar)
Crossaster papposus (spiny sunstar)
Henricia sanguinolenta (blood star)
Hippasteria phrygiana (horse star)
Leptasterias tenera (slender sea star)
Pteraster militaris (winged sea star)
Solaster endeca (purple sunstar)

Brittle stars (Ophiuroidea)

Aamphioplus abditus (burrowing brittlestar)
Axiognathus squamata (little brittlestar)
Gorgonocephalus arcticus (northern basketstar)
Ophioderma brevispinum (shortspined brittlestar)
Ophiopholis aculeata (daisy brittlestar)

Sea squirts (Chordata: Tunicata)

Botrylloides violaceus (compound tunicate)
Botryllus schlosseri (golden star tunicate)
Didemnum spp.
Molgula manhattensis (sea grape)
Styela clava (Asian stalked tunicate)

Cartilaginous fish (Chordata: Chondrichthyes)

Sharks (Selachimorpha)

Resident sharks

Carcharhinus leucas (bull shark)
Carcharhinus plumbeus (sandbar shark)
Mustelus canis (dusky smoothhound shark / smooth dogfish)
Odontaspis taurus (sand tiger shark)
Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish)

Vagrant sharks

Alopias vulpinus (common thresher shark)
Carcharhinus obscurus (dusky shark)
Carcharodon carcharias (great white shark)
Prionace glauca (blue shark)
Sphyrna zygaena (smooth hammerhead shark)

Skates and rays (Batoidea)

Dasyatis centroura (roughtail stingray)
Dipturus laevis (barndoor skate)
Leucoraja ocellata (winter skate)
Raja eglanteria (clearnose skate)
Raja erinacea (little skate)
Rhinoptera bonasus (cownose ray)
Torpedo nobiliana (Atlantic torpedo)

Bony fish (Chordata: Osteichthyes)

Eels (Anguilliformes)

Anguilla rostrata (American eel)

Gadiformes

Enchelyopus cimbrius (four-bearded rockling)
Microgadus tomcod (Atlantic tomcod)
Urophycis chuss (red hake)

Seahorses and pipefishes (Syngnathiformes)

Hippocampus erectus (northern lined seahorse)
Syngnathus fuscus (northern pipefish)

Jacks (Carangiformes: Carangidae)

Carangoides bartholomaei (yellow jack, coolihoo)
Caranx crysos (blue runner, hardnose)
Caranx hippos (crevalle jack, jack crevalle, common jack)
Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Atlantic bumper)

Flatfish (Pleuronectiformes)

Etropus microstomus (smallmouth flounder)
Paralichthys dentatus (fluke)
Pleuronectes ferruginea (yellowtail flounder)
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (winter flounder)
Scophthalmus aquosus (windowpane flounder)
Trinectes maculatus (hogchoker)

Scorpaeniformes

Anarhichas lupus (Atlantic wolffish)
Hemitripterus americanus (Atlantic sea raven)
Myoxocephalus aenaeus (grubby sculpin)
Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus (longhorn sculpin)
Prionotus carolinus (northern sea robin)
Prionotus evolans (striped sea robin)
Pterois volitans (red lionfish; invasive species)

Wrasses (Labriformes: Labridae)

Tautoga onitis (blackfish, tautog)
Tautogolabrus adspersus (cunner wrasse, bergall)

Perciformes

Drums (Sciaenidae)

Cynoscion regalis (weakfish, seatrout)
Leiostomus xanthurus (spot, spot croaker)
Menticirrhus saxatilis (northern kingfish, northern kingcroaker, whiting)
Micropogonias undulatus (Atlantic croaker)
Pogonias cromis (black drum, big ugly, drum, drummer)
Sciaenops ocellatus (red drum, redfish, puppy drum, channel bass, red, spottail bass)

Other Perciformes

Archosargus probatocephalus (sheephead)
Centropristis striata (black sea bass)
Morone saxatilis (striped bass)
Pholis gunnellus (rock gunnel)
Pomatomus saltatrix (bluefish)
Stenotomus chrysops (scup)
Ulvaria subbifurcata (radiated shanny)

Anglerfish (Lophiiformes)

Chaetodipterus faber (Atlantic spadefish)
Dibranchus atlanticus (Atlantic batfish)
Lophius americanus (American anglerfish)

Tetraodontiformes

All of the animals in this category are summer visitors, who migrate northwards from warmer waters in the south.

Balistes capriscus (gray triggerfish)
Chilomycterus schoepfii (striped burrfish)
Mola mola (ocean sunfish)
Sphoeroides maculatus (northern pufferfish)
Stephanolepis hispidus (planehead filefish)

Miscellaneous Percomorpha

Ammodytes americanus (American sand lance)
Apeltes quadracus (four-spined stickleback; found in fresh and brackish water)
Fundulus majalis (striped killifish)
Menidia menidia (Atlantic silverside)
Opsanus tau (oyster toadfish)
Peprilus triacanthus (Atlantic butterfish, American butterfish)
Selene vomer (lookdown)

Gulf Stream strays

Mainly all the animals in this category are juveniles carried via the Gulf Stream to the sound and end up dying when the water temperature cools.

Acanthostracion quadricornis (scrawled cowfish)
Aluterus scriptus (scrawled filefish)
Balistes vetula (queen triggerfish)
Chaetodon ocellatus (spotfin butterflyfish)
Fistularia tabacaria (bluespotted cornetfish)
Histrio histrio (sargassum fish)
Holacanthus bermudensis (Bermuda blue angelfish)
Hyporthodus niveatus (snowy grouper)
Megalops atlanticus (Atlantic tarpon)
Pomacanthus paru (French angelfish)
Scorpaena plumieri (spotted scorpionfish)

References

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