List of Mars landers

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The following table is a list of successful and unsuccessful Mars landers. As of 2022, 21 lander missions and 8 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars. Of 21 landers, the Curiosity rover and Perseverance rover are currently in operation on Mars.

Mars landers

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List of Mars landers
S.No Landers Launch date Landing date Mass (kg)[1] Landing site Region Status Country MOLA Entry velocity References
1. Mars 2MV-3 No.1 04 Nov 1962 25 Nov 1962 890 - - Failure File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union - - [2]
2. Mars 2 19 May 1971 27 Nov 1971 1210 45°S 47°E♦ - Failure File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union - - [3][4]
3. Mars 3 28 May 1971 02 Dec 1971 1210 45°S 202°E♦ Sirenum Terra Partial success File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union - 5.7 km/sec [5][4]
4. Mars 6 05 Aug 1973 12 Mar 1974 635 23.90°S 19.4°W Margaritifer Terra Failure File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union - - [6][4]
5. Mars 7 09 Aug 1973 - 635 - - Failure File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union - - [7][4]
6. Viking 1 20 Aug 1975 20 Jul 1976 572 22.27°N 47.95°W Chryse Planitia Success File:Flag of the United States.svg USA -3.5 4.61 km/sec [8]
7. Viking 2 09 Sep 1975 03 Sep 1976 572 47.64°N 225.71°W Utopia Planitia Success File:Flag of the United States.svg USA -3.5 4.61 km/sec [9]
8. Phobos 1§ 07 Jul 1988 - 2600† - - Failure File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union - - [10]
9. Phobos 2§ 12 Jul 1987 - 2600† - - Failure File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union - - [10]
10. Mars 96 16 Nov 1996 - 3159 - - Failure File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia - - [11]
11. Mars Pathfinder 04 Dec 1996 04 Jul 1997 361 19°7′48″ N 33°18′12″W Ares Vallis Success File:Flag of the United States.svg USA -2.5 7.26 km/sec [12][13]
12. Mars Polar Lander 03 Jan 1999 03 Dec 1999 583 76°S 195°W Ultimi Scopuli Failure File:Flag of the United States.svg USA -3.0 6.91 km/sec [14][15]
13. Beagle 2 02 Jun 2003 25 Dec 2003 33.2 11.5265°N 90.4295°E Isidis Planitia Failure File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom - 5.63 km/sec [16][17]
14. Spirit rover 10 Jun 2003 4 Jan 2004 174 14.5684°S 175.4726°E Gusev Crater Success File:Flag of the United States.svg USA -1.9 5.4 km/sec [18][19][20]
15. Opportunity rover 07 Jul 2003 25 Jan 2004 174 1.9462°S 354.4743°E Meridiani Planum Success File:Flag of the United States.svg USA -1.4 5.5 km/sec [18][21][20]
16. Phoenix lander 04 Aug 2007 25 May 2008 350 68.22°N 125.7°W Vastitas Borealis Success File:Flag of the United States.svg USA -3.5 5.59 km/sec [12]
17. Curiosity rover 26 Nov 2011 6 Aug 2012 899 4.5895°S 137.4417°E Gale Crater Operational File:Flag of the United States.svg USA 2.0 5.6 km/sec [22][23][20]
18. Schiaparelli EDM 14 Mar 2016 19 Oct 2016 577 2.052°S 6.208°W Meridiani Planum Failure European UnionESA/File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 1.45 5.83 km/sec [24]
19. InSight Mars Lander 5 May 2018 26 Nov 2018 727 4.5°N 135.9°E Elysium Planitia Success File:Flag of the United States.svg USA -2.5 6.3 km/sec [25]
20. Perseverance rover 30 Jul 2020 18 Feb 2021 1,025 18.4447°N 77.4508°E Jezero crater Operational File:Flag of the United States.svg USA - - [26]
21. Tianwen-1 23 July 2020 14 May 2021 240 25.1°N, 109.7°E Utopia Planitia Success File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China - 4.8 km/sec [27]

§ - Spacecraft intended for Martian moons (Phobos and Deimos), †Entry Mass, ♦ Estimated, MOLA - Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter

List of sub-landers onboard Mars landers
S.No Sub-Landers Type Lander Slot Launch Date Mass (kg) Status References
1. PrOP-M Rover Mars 2 19 May 1971 4.5 Failure [3][4]
2. PrOP-M Rover Mars 3 28 May 1971 4.5 Not deployed [4][5]
3. Mars 96 Penetrator Mars 96 16 Nov 1996 88 Failure [11]
4. Deep Space 2 Penetrator Mars Polar Lander 03 Jan 1999 2.4 Failure [14][15]
5. Sojourner Rover Mars Pathfinder 04 Dec 1996 11.5 Success [12][13]
6. Mars helicopter Ingenuity UAV Helicopter Mars 2020 Perseverance rover 30 Jul 2021 1.8 Success
7. Zhurong Rover Tianwen-1 23 Jul 2021 240 Success
8. Tianwen-1 Remote camera Camera Zhurong rover 1 June 2021 <1 Success

Future proposed Mars lander missions

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List of future proposed Mars lander missions
Lander Proposed Launch Country Agency Type Sub-Lander References
Mars MetNet Precursor ? Finland FMI Impact Lander - [28]
Mars MetNet ? Finland FMI Multi-lander - [29]
Mars Lander 2045 South Korea KARI Lander - [30]
Icebreaker 2026 US NASA Lander - [31]
Martian Moons Exploration 2026 Japan JAXA Lander Sample Return [32]
Phootprint 2024 Europe ESA Lander Ascent Stage [33]
Fobos-Grunt (Repeat) 2024 Russia ROSCOSMOS Lander Ascent Stage [34]
Mars-Grunt 2024 Russia ROSCOSMOS Lander - [1]
BOLD 2020 US NASA Impact Lander 6-Impact Lander [35]

See also

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References

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  12. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  13. ^ a b Nilsen, E. N. (2012). Exploring Mars: an overview
  14. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  20. ^ a b c Mars Exploration Entry, Descent and Landing Challenges (gatech.edu)
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