List of Austrian scientists

This is a list of Austrian scientists and scientists from the Austria of Austria-Hungary.

Economists

• Siegfried Becher, economist and government minister
• Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk
• Ernst Fehr
• Simon Gächter
• Friedrich Hayek, economist and social scientist, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1974
• Rudolf Hilferding (1877-1941), Marxist and politician (murdered by the Gestapo in Paris)
• Leopold Kohr, economist
• Carl Menger, founder of the Austrian School of economics
• Ludwig von Mises, free-market economist
• Oskar Morgenstern, co-founder of game theory
• Martin Nowak
• Joseph Schumpeter, economist (neoclassical), born in Triech, Austria-Hungary
• Othmar Spann, economist and philosopher
• Friedrich von Wieser, economist (regarded as follower of the Austrian School of economics)

Engineers, inventors

• Carlo Abarth, motorcycle racer and car designer
• Igo Etrich (1879-1967), aviation pioneer and pilot
• Anselm Franz, pioneer in jet engine engineering
• Gaston Glock, inventor, founder of GLOCK GmbH
• Claire Gmachl, quantum cascade laser and mid-IR technologies pioneer
• Eduard Haas, inventor of Pez candy
• Ingeborg Hochmair, electrical engineer who developed the modern cochlear implant
• Viktor Kaplan, inventor of turbines for river power plants
• Wilhelm Kress, aviation pioneer, inventor of the stick control for airplanes
• Hedy Lamarr, known for research in frequencies, needed for mobile phones
• Siegfried Marcus, automobile pioneer (vehicles of 1870 and 1889), lived most of his life in Austria
• Alois Negrelli, engineer and railroad pioneer (created the plans for the Suez Canal)
• Ferdinand Porsche, automotive engineer, designed the Volkswagen (the "people's car"), born in Austria-Hungary
• Johann Puch, engineer and entrepreneur
• Josef Ressel, inventor of the marine screw propeller
• Edmund Rumpler, engineer, aviation pioneer
• Alois Senefelder, inventor of the printing technique of Lithography
• Nikola Tesla, inventor, mechanical engineer, and electrical engineer (prior to moving to Paris in 1882)
• Max Valier, rocketry pioneer
• Auer von Welsbach, inventor of gaslight

Philosophers

• Nathan Birnbaum, philosopher (created the word "Zionism")
• Franz Brentano, philosopher and psychologist
• Martin Buber (1878-1965), philosopher, born in Vienna
• Christian von Ehrenfels, philosopher
• Herbert Feigl, philosopher (member of the Vienna Circle)
• Paul Feyerabend (died 1994), philosopher
• Philipp Frank, philosopher and physicist (member of the Vienna Circle)
• Heinrich Gomperz (1873-1942), philosopher, born in Vienna
• Edmund Husserl, philosopher (born in Prossnitz, Austria-Hungary)
• Victor Kraft, philosopher
• Nachman Krochmal, philosopher, historian and theologian
• Alexius Meinong (1853-1920), philosopher (theory of objects)
• Otto Neurath, socialist, economist and philosopher
• Karl Popper, philosopher (born in Austria, became British)
• Moritz Schlick, philosopher (member of the Vienna Circle)
• Othmar Spann, philosopher and economist
• Rudolf Steiner, mystic and philosopher
• Friedrich Waismann, mathematician, philosopher and physicist (member of the Vienna Circle)
• Otto Weininger, philosopher
• Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher, born 1889 in Vienna

Physicians

• Alfred Adler, psychiatrist, father of Individual Psychology
• Hans Asperger, pediatrician (most known for work on autism, Asperger syndrome named for him)
• Leopold Auenbrugger (1722-1809), physician (method of percussion)
• Robert Bárány, physician, 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Georg Joseph Beer, physician (forerunner in ophthalmology)
• Lorenz Böhler, physician
• Josef Breuer, psychiatrist (forerunner in psychoanalysis)
• Carl Cori, born in Prague, Austria-Hungary, physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947
• Ernst, Baron von Feuchtersleben, physician and poet
• Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, physician and physiologist (studies of nerves and the brain)
• Viktor Frankl, psychiatrist, father of logotherapy
• Sigmund Freud, psychiatrist, father of psychoanalysis
• Karl von Frisch, physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Otto Gross, physician and revolutionist
• Josef Hyrtl, anatomist
• Nicolaus Joseph Jacquin, physician and botanist
• Eric Kandel, neuropsychiatrist (born Vienna, emigrated to the US)
• Leo Kanner, child psychiatrist
• Fritz Köberle, physician (emigrated to Brazil)
• Karl Landsteiner (1886-1943), physician, serologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Franz Mesmer (1734-1815), physician, developed an early form of hypnotism
• Ernst Moro, physician and pediatrician
• Paracelsus (real name: Theophrast von Hohenheim), alchemist and physician
• Clemens von Pirquet, pediatrician and scientist in bacteriology and immunology
• Karl Pribram, physician, neuroscientist, originator of Holonomic brain theory
• Carl Rabl, anatomist
• Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957), psychiatrist
• Erwin Ringel (1921-1994), Austrian psychiatrist (presuicidal syndrome)
• Hans Selye, physician (emigrated to Canada)
• Ignaz Semmelweis, physician (born in Hungary, Austria-Hungary)
• Hans Steiner, child and adolescent psychiatrist
• Julius Wagner-Jauregg, physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
• Rudolf Wlassak, physiologist and neurologist 1865-1930

Physicists, mathematicians and chemists

• Emil Artin, mathematician (Artin's conjecture)
• Norbert Bischofberger, chemist
• Wilhelm Blaschke, mathematician
• Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906), physicist, born in Vienna
• Fritjof Capra, physicist
• Christian Andreas Doppler, physicist, 1803-1853, born in Salzburg (See Doppler effect)
• Paul Ehrenfest, physicist and mathematician
• Heinz Falk, chemist
• Kurt Gödel, mathematician (born in Austria-Hungary, became a naturalized US citizen)
• Thomas Gold, astrophysicist, geophysicist, controversial for 'steady state' view of cosmos and abiogenic petroleum origin theory
• Wolfgang Gröbner, mathematician (best known for Gröbner basis)
• Hans Hahn, mathematician (member of the Vienna Circle)
• Wilhelm Karl, Ritter von Haidinger, physicist, geologist and mineralogist of the 19th century
• Friedrich Hasenöhrl, physicist
• Victor Franz Hess, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics
• Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, chemist
• Walter Kohn, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998
• Karl Kordesch, chemist and inventor
• Anton Schrötter von Kristelli, chemist and mineralogist (red phosphor)
• Richard Kuhn, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1938
• Johann Josef Loschmidt, physicist and chemist
• Ernst Mach, physicist and philosopher (Mach number)
• Lise Meitner, physicist
• Karl Menger, mathematician (Menger's theorem, Menger sponge); son of Carl Menger)
• Ronald Micura, chemist
• Richard von Mises, physicist (younger brother of Ludwig von Mises)
• Otto E. Neugebauer, mathematician and astronomer
• Wolfgang Pauli, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 1945
• Max Ferdinand Perutz, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962
• Josef Maximilian Petzval, physicist and mathematician
• Fritz Pregl, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923
• Johann Radon, mathematician
• Otto Redlich, physical chemist
• Leopold Ružička (born in Croatia, Austria-Hungary in 1887), chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944
• Karl Schlögl, chemist
• Erwin Schrödinger, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics
• Heinrich Franz Friedrich Tietze, mathematician
• Leopold Vietoris (1891-2002), mathematician
• Victor Frederick Weisskopf, physicist (worked on the Manhattan Project)
• Carl Auer von Welsbach, chemist
• Anton Zeilinger, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 2022
• Gernot Zippe, physicist (developed Zippe-type centrifuge to extract Uranium-235 for nuclear weapons)
• Mario Zippermayr, physicist, inventor of the thermobaric weapon
• Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925

Psychologists

• Bruno Bettelheim (1903–1990), psychologist
• Anna Freud (1895–1982), child psychologist
• Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), founding father of psychoanalysis
• Fritz Heider (1896–1988), psychologist
• Melanie Klein (1882-1960), child psychotherapist (emigrated to England in 1926)
• Walter Mischel (1930-2018), psychologist
• Otto Rank (1884–1939), pioneer psychologist
• Paul Watzlawick (1921-2007), family therapist and psychologist

Other scientists

• Ludwig von Bertalanffy, biologist, systems theory
• Othenio Abel, paleontologist
• Max Adler (1873-1937), jurist and Marxist author
• Christopher Alexander, architectural theorist
• Wilhelm Alzinger, archeologist
• Oscar Baumann, philosopher, explorer, ethnologist and geographer
• Heinz von Foerster, physicist and philosopher (working in the field of cybernetics)
• Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, orientalist
• Julius Hann, meteorologist
• Hans Hass, biologist
• Wolf-Dieter Heiss, neuroscientist
• Thomas Henzinger, computer scientist, founding president of the IST Austria
• Hans Kelsen, jurist; father of the Austrian constitution
• Paul Felix Lazarsfeld, social scientist
• Otto Loewi, pharmacologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born in Germany, but spent 40 years in Austria, from age 25-65)
• Konrad Lorenz, zoologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Gregor Mendel, pioneer of genetics
• August Emanuel von Reuss, paleontologist
• Rupert Riedl, zoologist
• Joseph Rock, explorer, geographer, botanist and linguist
• Maria Wähnl, astronomer

See also

• List of Austrians
• Nobel Prize