Lionel Giles
Lionel Giles | |
|---|---|
| File:Lgiles.jpg Lionel Giles, translator of The Art of War and the Analects of Confucius | |
| Born | 29 December 1875 Sutton, London, U.K. |
| Died | 22 January 1958 (aged 82) |
| Citizenship | British |
| Alma mater | Wadham College, Oxford |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | History, Sinology |
Lionel Giles CBE (29 December 1875 – 22 January 1958) was a British sinologist, writer, and philosopher. Lionel Giles served as assistant curator at the British Museum and Keeper of the Department of Oriental Manuscripts and Printed Books. He is most notable for his 1910 translations of The Art of War by Sun Tzu and The Analects of Confucius.
Giles was the son of British diplomat and sinologist Herbert Giles.
Early life
[edit | edit source]Giles was born in Sutton, the fourth son of Herbert Giles and his first wife Catherine Fenn. Educated privately in Belgium (Liège), Austria (Feldkirch), and Scotland (Aberdeen), Giles studied Classics at Wadham College, Oxford, graduating BA in 1899.[1][2]
The Art of War
[edit | edit source]The 1910 Giles translation of The Art of War succeeded British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop's[3] 1905 and 1908 translations, and refuted large portions of Calthrop's work. In the Introduction, Giles writes:
It is not merely a question of downright blunders, from which none can hope to be wholly exempt. Omissions were frequent; hard passages were willfully distorted or slurred over. Such offenses are less pardonable. They would not be tolerated in any edition of a Latin or Greek classic, and a similar standard of honesty ought to be insisted upon in translations from Chinese.[4]
Sinology
[edit | edit source]Lionel Giles used the Wade-Giles romanisation method of translation, pioneered by his father Herbert. Like many sinologists in the Victorian and Edwardian eras, he was primarily interested in Chinese literature, which was approached as a branch of classics.
Continuing to produce translations of Chinese classics well into the later part of his life, he was quoted by John Minford as having confessed to a friend that he was a "Taoist at heart, and I can well believe it, since he was fond of a quiet life, and was free of that extreme form of combative scholarship which seems to be the hall mark of most Sinologists."[1]
Translations
[edit | edit source]The prodigious translations of Lionel Giles include the books of: Sun Tzu, Lao Tzu, Chuang Tzu, Lie Yukou, Mencius, and Confucius.
- The Art of War (1910), originally published as The Art of War: The Oldest Military Treatise in the World
- The Sayings of Lao Tzu and Taoist Teachings (1912), now known as the Tao Te Ching[5]
- Musings of a Chinese Mystic: Selections from the Philosophy of Chuang Tzŭ. 1906[6]
- Taoist Teachings from the Book of Lieh-Tzŭ. Wisdom of the East. 1912.[7]
- The Analects of Confucius (1910), also known as the Analects or The Sayings of Confucius[8]
- The Book of Mencius (1942)[9]
- The Life of Ch'iu Chin[10]
- The Lament of the Lady of Ch'in[11][12]
- A Gallery of Chinese Immortals (1948), excerpts from the Liexian Zhuan (列仙傳)[13][14]
- Biographies from Lives of Immortals (列仙傳; Liu Xiang 劉向) and Lives of Divine Mortals (神仙傳. Ge Hong 葛洪)[15]
See also
[edit | edit source]- Chinese language
- Chinese literature
- Chinese classics
- Sinology
- Wade-Giles Romanization system
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b John Minford, Sinology, Old and New China Heritage Quarterly, China Heritage Project, Australian National University, No. 13, March 2008.
- ^ Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2012).'Lionel Giles' in: The Illustrated Art of War: Sun Tzu. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B00B91XX8U
- ^ Calthrop was killed in action in December 1915 in Flanders. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Everard F. Calthorp's only sister, Hope Calthorp (1881–1960), married Lieutenant-Colonel Hermann Gaston de Watteville in 1914.
- ^ Lionel Giles, The Art of War by Sun Tzu – Classic Collector's Edition, ELPN Press, 2009 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lionel Giles and Herbert Giles, Tao: The Way, ELPN Press, 2007 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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- ^ https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000350329; book access should be at the bottom of the page
- ^ T'oung Pao Second Series, Vol. 24, No. 4/5 (1925 - 1926), pp. 305-380. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4526815
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)., reprinted 1979 by AMS Press (New York).
- ^ Herbert Giles, Frederic Balfour, Lionel Giles, Biographies of Immortals: Legends of China, ELPN Press, 2010 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ John Minford, Classical Chinese Literature: An Anthology of Translations, Columbia University Press, 2000 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Works by Lionel Giles at Project Gutenberg
- Lua error in Module:Internet_Archive at line 573: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- Works by Lionel Giles at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) File:Speaker Icon.svg
- Lionel Giles' Translation of the Tao Te Ching at sacred-texts
- Lionel Giles' Translation from Taoist teachings from the book of Lieh Tzŭ at Wikisource
- A Gallery of Chinese Immortals translated by Lionel Giles
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