LRRC24

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Leucine rich repeat containing 24 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the LRRC24 gene.[1] The protein is represented by the official symbol LRRC24, and is alternatively known as LRRC14OS.[2] The function of LRRC24 is currently unknown. It is a member of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) superfamily of proteins.

Gene

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In humans, LRRC24 is located on Chromosome 8 (8q24.3). The gene spans approximately 4.66 kb on the opposite strand.[1] LRRC24 is composed of five exons, and only a single gene isoform has been identified.[1]

File:Genomic View for LRRC24 Gene.png
GeneCards Genomic View for LRRC24 gene[2]

Protein

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General features

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LRRC24 is a transmembrane protein of unknown function. Human LRRC24 consists of 513 amino acids including a 23 amino acid signal peptide.[1][3] The mature form of the protein has a molecular weight of 52.9 kDa.[4] The isoelectric point of the mature human protein is 7.98[5] The protein is largely composed of alpha helices.[6]

Domains

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LRRC24 is a single-pass transmembrane protein. The protein consists of six leucine-rich repeats and an immunoglobulin-like domain.[1][7]

Feature Position(s) Description
Signal Peptide 1-23 [8]
Domain 24-50 Leucine rich repeat N-terminal domain (LRRNT)[9][10]
Repeat 51-72 Leucine rich repeat 1 (LRR 1)[9][10]
Repeat 75-96 LRR 2[9][10]
Repeat 99-120 LRR 3[9][10]
Repeat 123-144 LRR 4[9][10]
Repeat 147-168 LRR 5[9][10]
Repeat 171-192 LRR 6[9][10]
Domain 204-257 Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain (LRRCT)[9][10]
Domain 259-364 Immunoglobulin-like domain (Ig-like)[9][10]
Domain 406-426 Transmembrane domain (TMEM)[11]
Motif 427-436 Arginine-rich motif (ARM)[9]
File:LRRC24 Protein Diagram.png
Diagram of LRRC24. Domains are labelled as predicted;[12] grey markers represent confirmed N-linked glycosylated arginine residues (N334 & N363); red marker represents confirmed phorphorylated tyrosine (Y509); Figure created using Prosite MyDomains-Image Creator[13]

Localization

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LRRC24 is a secreted protein as is evidenced by the presence of a signal peptide. The structure of the protein suggests that it localizes to the cell membrane.

Homology

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LRRC24 is conserved in Euteleostomi with the exception of Aves.[1][14] Also, based on sequence homology analysis, distant orthologs of LRRC24 are also conserved in invertebrates of phyla Mollusca and Arthropoda.[1] No human paralogs of LRRC24 have been identified.

File:LRRC24 Orthologs Unrooted Tree .png
An unrooted phylogenetic tree of LRRC24 orthologs generated using Phylip’s DrawTree[12] and ClustalW.[5][15]

Expression

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Microarray and in situ hybridization experiments suggest LRRC24 is primarily expressed within the brain.[16][17][18] Expression is observed to be especially high within the midbrain, neocortex, and tissues of the limbic system, including the hypothalamus and hippocampal formation.[16][18][19]

Interactions

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Protein-protein interactions of LRRC24 implicate the protein with cell signaling, cell migration, and axon guidance. ROBO2 was found to interact with LRRC24.[20][21] ROBO2 is a member of the Roundabout gene family, which are well known to play a significant role in nervous system development. Also, LRRC24 was found to interact with LRRTM4, a protein believed to be involved in synaptogenesis, as well as the maintenance of the nervous system in vertebrates.[21]

LRRC24 has also been found to interact with IGFBP7, a known regulator of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs).[21] IGFBP7 is also involved in the stimulation of cell adhesion.

Clinical significance

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To date, no study has specifically implicated LRRC24 or the LRRC24 gene with any case of clinical significance.[22]

References

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