Kuwajima Formation

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Kuwajima Formation
Stratigraphic range: Barremian
↓
Unit ofTetori Group
Sub-unitsLower Member, Upper Member
UnderliesAkaiwa Formation
OverliesGomijima Formation
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, Mudstone
Location
CountryJapan

The Kuwajima Formation is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in Japan. Its precise age is uncertain due to a lack of identifying fossils, and it was previously considered likely Valanginian to Hauterivian in age.[1] However, it is now considered to probably be Barremian in age.[2] Dinosaurs and other vertebrates has been recovered from the Kaseki-kabe "Fossil-bluff" locality in the uppermost part of the formation.[3]

The multituberculate mammals Hakusanobaatar matsuoi and Tedoribaatar reini are known from the Kuwajima Formation.[4] A member of Tritylodontidae, Montirictus kuwajimaensis, has also been recovered from the unit.[5]

Vertebrate Paleobiota

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After Matsuoka et al. (2002)[6]

Fish

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Fish reported from the Kuwajima Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Sinamia S. kukurihime Mostly complete skeleton An amiiform fish related to bowfins
Tetoriichthys T. kuwajimaensis The oldest record of Osteoglossiform
Lepidotes L. sp.
Pachycormidae Indeterminate Jaw

Amphibians

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Amphibians reported from the Kuwajima Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Shirerpeton[7] S. isajii Kaseki-kabe Facies III Partial disarticulated skull Albanerpetontid
Anura Indeterminate Isolated longbone, as well as a partial skeleton "composed of a few skull elements and several postcranial bones, including the femur, ilium, and vertebrae"[8] Partial skeleton belongs to a basal frog that lies outside of Neobatrachia.[8]

Choristoderes

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Choristoderes reported from the Kuwajima Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Monjurosuchus Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe Facies III
File:Monjurosuchus.jpg
Monjurosuchus
Neochoristodera[9] Indeterminate Facies I The first report of a neochoristodere from Japan
Choristodera Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe Facies III

Squamates

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Squamates reported from the Kuwajima Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Asagaolacerta A. tricuspidens Kaseki-kabe Facies III "An association of skull, jaws and postcranial bones of a small lizard with facetted tricuspid teeth, possibly a right maxilla"
File:Kaganaias BW.jpg
Kaganaias
Hakuseps H. imberis Kaseki-kabe Facies III An almost complete left dentary
Kaganaias K. hakusanensis Kaseki-kabe Facies III "Part and counterpart of articulated partial skeleton comprising parts of the dors. vert. series and parts of the tail, pelvis, and hind limbs"
Kuroyuriella K. mikikoi Kaseki-kabe Facies III "A disarticulated skull on four originally conjoined blocks, an association on two small blocks"
Kuwajimalla[10] K. kagaensis Kaseki-kabe Facies III
Sakurasaurus Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe Facies III "Small block with disarticulated association of skull bones, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and hindlimb bones"
Paramacellodidae Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe Facies III
Squamata Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe Facies III Five distinct taxa

Dinosaurs

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Dinosaurs reported from the Kuwajima Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Albalophosaurus[3] A. yamaguchiorum Kaseki-kabe Facies III Partial skull and lower jaws
Dromaeosauridae Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe Facies III
Enantiornithes Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe Facies III
Ornithischia[11] Indeterminate Right dentary, left maxilla, isolated teeth Distinct from Albalophosaurus
Sauropoda ("Oharasisaurus") Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe Facies III Tooth[12]
Styracosterna[11] Indeterminate Maxillary and dental teeth

Other reptiles

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Choristoderes reported from the Kuwajima Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Trionychidae Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe
Testudinoidea Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe
Sinemydidae Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe
Ornithocheiridae Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe
Gnathosaurinae Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe
Dsungaripteroidea? Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe

Mammaliamorphs

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Mammaliamorphs reported from the Kuwajima Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Hakusanobaatar[4] H. matsuoi Kaseki-kabe Facies III Dentary fragments and teeth Eobaatarid
Hakusanodon[13] H. archaeus Kaseki-kabe Facies III Eutriconodont
Montirictus[5] M. kuwajimaensis Kaseki-kabe Facies III Tritylodontid
Tedoribaatar[4] T. reini Kaseki-kabe Facies III "Fragment of right lower jaw with p4" Eobaatarid
Multituberculata Indeterminate Kaseki-kabe Facies III

Invertebrate Paleobiota

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Invertebrates reported from the Kuwajima Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Nipponoridium B. matsuoi Kaseki-Kabe Mimarachnid hemipteran
Nipponohagla N. kaga Prophalangopsid
Kagapsychops K. araneus Psychopsid
Coleoptera Indeterminate
Margaritifera M. ogamigoensis Previously classified as Unio ogamigoensis.[14]
Nakamuranaia N. kagaensis Trigonioidoid bivalve; previously considered to be ?Unio ogamigoensis[14].
Sphaerium S. sp. Sphaeriid
Viviparus V. onogoensis Viviparid
Micromelania M.? katoensis
Physidae Indeterminate, two species
Pupilloidea Indeterminate

See also

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References

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  5. ^ a b Hiroshige Matsuoka, Nao Kusuhashi and Ian J. Corfe (2016). "A new Early Cretaceous tritylodontid (Synapsida, Cynodontia, Mammaliamorpha) from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group) of central Japan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Online edition:
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  12. ^ MATSUOKA H. (2000). Fossils of the Kuwajima "Kasekikabe" (Fossil Bluff): a scientific report on a Neocomian (Early Cretaceous) fossil assemblage of the Kuwajima Formation, Tetori Group, Ishikawa, Japan.
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