Kullui
| Kullui | |
|---|---|
| 𑚊𑚰𑚥𑚷𑚱𑚃, कुळूई, kuḷūī | |
| File:Takrikullui.png Kuḷūī written in Takri Script | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Himachal Pradesh |
Native speakers | 196,295 (2011)[1] |
| Takri, Devanagari | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kfx |
| Glottolog | kull1236 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Kullui (Kullū, also known as Kulvi, Takri: 𑚊𑚰𑚥𑚷𑚱𑚃/𑚊𑚰𑚥𑚷𑚱𑚦𑚯) is Western Pahari language spoken in the Kullu District of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Consonants
[edit | edit source]For the stops and affricates there is a four-way distinction in phonation between tenuis /p/, voiced /b/, aspirated /pʰ/ and breathy voiced /bʱ/ series. Thakur (1975, pp. 175–8) lists as separate phonemes aspirated correlates of /ŋ/, /n/, /m/, /j/, /r/, /ɽ/, /l/ and /ɭ/, but describes the aspiration as a voiceless pharyngeal friction. /n̪/ is dental, but becomes alveolar if the next syllable contains a retroflex consonant. /ŋ/ and /ɲ/ are rare, but contrast with the other nasals word-medially between vowels. /ɳ/, /ɭ/ and /ɽ/, together with their aspirated correlates, don't occur in the beginning of words.[2] The glottal stop occurs only between a vowel and /ɳ/, /n/, /r/ or /l/, e.g. [kɑːʔɭ] "a trumpet", which contrasts with [kɑːɭ] "famine". The pharyngeal fricative /ħ/ historically derives from /s/ and occurs word-finally, e.g. [ɡʱɑːħ] "grass", [biːħ] "twenty".[3]
Script
[edit | edit source]The native script of the language is a variety of the Takri script.
Status
[edit | edit source]The language is commonly called Pahari or Himachali.[citation needed] The language has no official status. According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Kulluvi children are not learning Kulluvi as their mother tongue any longer.[4]
Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Thakur 1975, p. 180. An exception is the word [ɽəbɑːɳɑː] "to throw".
- ^ Thakur 1975, p. 181.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Bibliography
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Pahari-languages.ru, a Kullui documentation project
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