Kim Won-bong
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Kim Won-bong (Korean: Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Hanja: Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1898 – c. 1958Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) was a Korean independence activist, Korean anarchist, communist, and later statesman for North Korea.
He was a general of the Korean Liberation Army and the commander of the Heroic Corps and the Korean Volunteer Corps.
His art name was Yaksan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.). He used a variety of pseudonyms during his exile abroad in China, including Ch'oe Rim (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.), Yi Ch'ung (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.), Chin Kuk-pin (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.), and Ch'ŏn Se-dŏk (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.).[1]
Biography
[edit | edit source]Kim was born in 1898 in Miryang, South Gyeongsang Province, Korean Empire. He was born to father Kim Chu-ik (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) and mother Yi Kyŏng-nyŏm (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) and into the Gimhae Kim clan.[1]
In his youth, he studied at a seodang, a traditional Korean school. In 1908, he enrolled in a modern-style school. In 1910, he attended the Donghwa Middle School (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.). In 1913, he attended a school in Seoul. In 1916, he was in China, learning the German language. In 1918, he enrolled in the University of Nanking.[1]
In February 1919, Kim entered the Shinhŭng Military Academy and underwent military education for six months, after which he dropped out of the academy. On November 9 of the same year, Kim organized a Korean nationalist underground organization known as the Korean Heroic Corps, with Yang Gun-ho, Gwak Jae-ki, Han Bong-Geun, Kim Ok, and others. Among the Heroic Corps aims were the assassinations of Japanese officials and their collaborators, coupled with attacks on Japanese bases. After assuming the position of leader of the Heroic Corps,[1] Kim found that he could not accomplish the aims of the organization as it did not have a sufficient number of members. As a result, he joined the Whampoa Military Academy in 1926. Kim used the pseudonym "Ch'oe Rim" and organized the Korean National Revolutionary Party, and the Joseon Communist Reconstruction Party.[2]
The Korean National Revolutionary Party was formed in Shanghai in 1935 by a group of left-wing nationalist Korean parties, organized by Kim Kyu-sik, Kim Won-bong and Cho Soang.[3] On July 10, 1937, at the invitation of the Government of the Republic of China, Kim Won-bong went to Lushan, the Chinese government's conference site and famed resort. During his time there, Chinese government officials insisted upon associating the united front against Japanese Imperialism. Before his return, Kim received extensive funding from the Chinese governor.[1]<span title="Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.">: Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Kim served as the deputy commander of the Korean Liberation Army of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.[4]
Legacy
[edit | edit source]Kim Won-Bong remains a controversial figure in South Korea due to his defection to North Korea in 1948, and serving as North Korean Commander during the Korean War. On June 6, 2019, South Korean President Moon Jae-in gave a Memorial Day speech at Seoul National Cemetery, praising Kim Wong-Bong's activities in the Korean independence movement. The speech was slammed by Conservative Lawmakers.[5]
In popular culture
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- Portrayed by Cho Seung-woo in the 2015 film Assassination.
- Portrayed by Yoo Ji-tae in the 2019 MBC TV series Different Dreams.
See also
[edit | edit source]- Blue Shirts Society, an anti-communist organization, but supported Kim before Second China Civil War.
- Heroic Corps
- Korean independence movement
References
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- ^ a b c d e Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- ^ 이우탁 (Lee Woo-tak) (2006). 《김구, 장보고, 앙드레김(Kim Gu, Jang Bo-Go, André Kim)》. 동아시아(East-Asia). 142p
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Further reading
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- Kim Won-bong
- 1898 births
- 1958 deaths
- Korean anarchists
- Korean communists
- North Korean atheists
- Suicides by cyanide poisoning
- Korean generals
- Kim Kyu-sik
- Gimhae Kim clan
- Far-left politics in South Korea
- Whampoa Military Academy alumni
- Members of the 1st Supreme People's Assembly
- Members of the 2nd Supreme People's Assembly
- 1958 suicides
- South Korean emigrants to North Korea
- Suicides in Korea
- Members of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
- Koreans in the Republic of China Military Academy
- Kim Ku
- Korean resistance members
- Yan'an faction
- Korean Liberation Army personnel