Kalvarija, Lithuania
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Kalvarija | |
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Town | |
| Church in Kalvarija Church in Kalvarija | |
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Coat of arms of Kalvarija Coat of arms | |
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| Country | File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania |
| Ethnographic region | Suvalkija |
| County | File:Marijampole County flag.svg Marijampolė County |
| Municipality | Kalvarija Municipality |
| Eldership | Kalvarija eldership |
| Capital of | Kalvarija Municipality Kalvarija eldership |
| First mentioned | 1667 |
| Granted town rights | 1791 |
| Population (2021) | |
• Total | 3,971 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Kalvarija (Audio file "Kalvarija.ogg" not found) is a town in southwestern Lithuania, located in the Marijampolė County, close to the border with Poland. It is the administrative seat and largest town of Kalvarija Municipality.
Etymology and names
[edit | edit source]Variants of the name include Kalvarijos, Kalvariya, Kalwarja,[1] Yiddish: קאלװאריע (Kalvarye), Kalwaria (Polish), Kalvarien (German), Calvaria, Kalvaria, Kalwariya, and Kalwarya.[2] The town is named so because it was established in the 17th century as a shrine commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus.
History
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In 1705, the first wooden church was built. In 1713, local Jews received permission from King August II to build a synagogue and Jewish craftsmen were first permitted to practice their crafts without having to be members of the craft guilds. In 1791, Stanisław August Poniatowski recognized that Kalvarija had the right to call itself a town and confirmed the municipality's coat of arms. 1840 saw the construction of a new Catholic church, which still stands today. Kalvarija developed rapidly when the new St. Petersburg–Warsaw road was constructed toward the end of the 19th century. By the outbreak of World War I, Kalvarija had over 10,000 inhabitants; the destruction of two-thirds of the town during the war caused the population decline. The city was the site of a battle in 1915, during World War I.
During World War II, Kalvarija was under German occupation from 22 June 1941 until 1 August 1944.[3] It was administered as a part of the Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland. In 1941, a mass execution of 38 Jews of the city was perpetrated by Gestapo soldiers and Lithuanian policemen.[4]
The American comedian Seth Meyers' great-grandfather originated from a small village 6 km from Kalvarija, and emigrated to the US around 1869. According to Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates on Youtube, Seth Meyers' ancestors probably came from the Trakenai estate in the village of Brazavas.[5]
International relations
[edit | edit source]Twin towns — Sister cities
[edit | edit source]Kalvarija is twinned with:
Alpago (formerly Pieve D’Alpago) in Italy- Poland Kalwaria Zebrzydowska in Poland
- Hungary Ráckeve in Hungary
See also
[edit | edit source]References
[edit | edit source]- Notes
- ^ United States Board on Geographic Names - Kalvarija (54° 24' 00" N, 023° 14' 00" E). Accessed 2009-11-19.
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- ^ Освобождение городов
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External links
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