Julidinae
| Julidinae Temporal range: Possible Early Eocene record
| |
|---|---|
| File:Sunset Wrasse, Emily Bay, Kingston 2899, Norfolk Island imported from iNaturalist photo 444014203 (cropped).jpg | |
| Sunset wrasse (Thalassoma lutescens) | |
| File:Eastern King Wrasse, Orau Cove imported from iNaturalist photo 170288982 (cropped).jpg | |
| Eastern king wrasse (Coris sandeyeri) | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Labriformes |
| Family: | Labridae |
| Subfamily: | Julidinae Bonaparte, 1841 |
| Genera | |
|
20., see text | |
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The julidine wrasses are saltwater fish of the subfamily Julidinae, a subgroup of the wrasse family (Labridae).[1] It contains the highest number of genera and species out of all the wrasse tribes, with 20 genera and over 200 species,[2] comprising almost a third of all wrasse species.[3]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]A 2005 molecular phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the monophyly of this clade.[2][3] It was formerly treated as the tribe Julidini, but is now recognized as its own subfamily by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes.[1][4]
It also found that the cleaner wrasse genera that traditionally comprised the tribe Labrichthyini (Labrichthys, Labropsis, Diproctacanthus, Larabicus, and Labroides), although forming a monophyletic group, were all nested within Julidini. Labrichthys is the sister group to the other cleaner wrasse genera,[2][3] and does not act as a cleaner; it is an obligate corallivore for its entire life.[5] Larabicus, Diproctacanthus, and Labropsis are cleaners only as juveniles and feed on corals as adults, while Labroides is a cleaner for its entire life.[5][6][7]
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The subfamily Pseudolabrinae is likely the sister group of Julidinae, if not nested within the Julidinae; the former is additionally supported by Hughes et al 2023.[2][3]
Several genera in this tribe are problematic. Most notably, Halichoeres and Coris are paraphyletic or polyphyletic.[2][3] Gomphosus has also been repeatedly found nested within Thalassoma.[3]
The difficulty in resolving relationships within Julidini is a result of the rapid speciation of julidine wrasses.[3]
Evolution
[edit | edit source]The tribe Julidini likely originated in the Eocene.[3] It is hypothesized that the relatively warm and stable climate that followed the Early Eocene Climactic Optimum may have played a part in the diversification of julidine wrasses. Fossil julidine wrasses such as †Coris sigismundi have been found in rocks dating to the Miocene.[3][4] Potential fossil julidines such as †Eocoris Bannikov & Sorbini, 2010 and †Paralabrus Bannikov & Zorzini, 2019 are known as early as the Eocene, though their placement in this subfamily is uncertain.[8]
Genera
[edit | edit source]Based on Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (2025):[9]
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References
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