Jean-Baptiste Charcot
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in français. (June 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Jean-Baptiste Auguste Étienne Charcot | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Jean-Baptiste Charcot.jpg Charcot in 1925 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Born | 15 July 1867 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France | |||||||||||||||||
| Died | 16 September 1936 (aged 69) at sea, off Iceland | |||||||||||||||||
| Occupations | Polar explorer, medical doctor, Olympian, scientist | |||||||||||||||||
| Known for | his polar explorations | |||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Jeanne Hugo (1896–1905; div.) | |||||||||||||||||
| Sports career | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sailing career | ||||||||||||||||||
| Class(es) | 0 to 0.5 ton Open class | |||||||||||||||||
Medal record
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Updated on 2014-02-08 | ||||||||||||||||||
.svg){kind=link}
Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot,[1][2] (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893). As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Life
[edit | edit source]Jean-Baptiste Charcot was appointed leader of the French Antarctic Expedition with the ship Français exploring the west coast of Graham Land from 1904 until 1907. The expedition reached Adelaide Island in 1905 and took pictures of the Palmer Archipelago and Loubet Coast. From 1908 until 1910, another expedition followed with the ship Pourquoi Pas ?, exploring the Bellingshausen Sea and the Amundsen Sea and discovering Loubet Land, Marguerite Bay, Mount Boland and Charcot Island, which was named after his father, Jean-Martin Charcot.[3] He named Hugo Island after Victor Hugo, the grandfather of his wife, Jeanne Hugo.
The Royal Geographical Society awarded its Patron's Medal to Charcot in 1911, citing "his important expeditions to the Antarctic, during which he conducted investigations of high scientific value in geology, meteorology, magnetic conditions and biology."
Later on, Jean-Baptiste Charcot explored Rockall in 1921 and Eastern Greenland and Svalbard from 1925 until 1936. He died when Pourquoi-Pas ? was wrecked in a storm off the coast of Iceland in 1936.
Charcot participated in many sports. He won two silver medals in sailing at the Summer Olympics of 1900.[4][5]
Dedications
[edit | edit source].jpg){kind=link}
A monument to Charcot was created in Reykjavík, Iceland by sculptor Einar Jónsson in 1936 and another by Ríkarður Jónsson in 1952.
Charcot has had various places and things named after him:
- Charcotiana, a lichen genus[6]
- Charcot Bay, Antarctica
- Charcot Fan, an abyssal fan in the Southern Ocean
- Charcot Land, a peninsula in Greenland
- Le Commandant Charcot, an icebreaking cruise ship
See also
[edit | edit source]- A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière – 1887 group tableau portrait by André Brouillet
- Marthe Emmanuel – biographer of Charcot
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). and here.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Le "Pourquoi pas?" dans l'Antarctique 1908–1910, Arthaud, Paris, 1996, Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:External_links at line 369: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- Sur les traces du "Pourquoi-Pas?" Archived 1 January 2013 at archive.today
- Icelandic website in memory of Jean-Babtiste Charcot"
- Newspaper clippings about Jean-Baptiste Charcot in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
-
Funeral of Charcot and his men in front of the Notre Dame, Paris, 1936
-
Board in memory of Charcot. Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland
-
The Pourquoi-Pas?, Charcot's ship
-
Adelaide Island viewed from the west
-
Location of where The Pourquoi-Pas stranded
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
Lua error in Module:Authority_control at line 153: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- 1867 births
- 1936 deaths
- Captains who went down with the ship
- Sea captains
- Scientists from Neuilly-sur-Seine
- 19th-century French explorers
- Explorers of Antarctica
- Explorers of the Arctic
- Graham Land
- Charcot family
- 20th-century French physicians
- Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
- Academic staff of the École pratique des hautes études
- Members of the French Academy of Sciences
- Recipients of the Cullum Geographical Medal
- Burials at Montmartre Cemetery
- Antarctic Peninsula
- French male sailors (sport)
- Sailors at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 0 to .5 ton
- Olympic sailors for France
- Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics
- Olympic silver medalists for France
- Olympic medalists in sailing
- Accidental deaths in Iceland
- Sportspeople from Hauts-de-Seine
- Sailors at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Open class
- 20th-century French explorers